Figure 3

Root-zone soil pH (a), EC (b), soil urease (c) and neutral phosphatase activity (d) on D10 and D20. NM and M represent not padding and padding with ramie fiber nonwoven film on the bottom surface of the seedling tray, respectively. Error bars represent SE (n = 3). ns, * and ** denote non-significance, significant difference at the 0.05 probability level, and significant difference at the 0.01 probability level between NM and M in each sampling batch (by paired T-test), respectively.