Figure 2

Magnitude and breadth of seroreactivity to AMA1 proteins and peptides increases over the malaria transmission season in children who had a clinical malaria episode. (A) Heat map of seroreactivity to 263 whole-protein AMA1 variants (rows) in Malian children who did (n = 21) and did not (n = 8) have a malaria positive sample during the malaria transmission season. Pre- (May/June 2007), peak- (September 2007) and post-season (December/January 2008/9) seroreactivity in Malian children and pre- (June 2005) and post-season (December 2005) seroreactivity in Malian adults is separated in columns. Malian children who had an infection had higher seroreactivity in the peak- and post-season than in the pre-season. Malian children who did not have an infection during the season and Malian adults did not differ in seroreactivity from pre- to post season. AMA1 variants are sorted from top to bottom by highest to lowest mean seroreactivity per group; individuals in each group separately are sorted from left to right by increasing mean seroreactivity. (B) Seroprofiles of mean seroreactivity to peptides show increases in seroreactivity to AMA1 linear epitopes in Malian children (n = 10) who experienced a clinical malaria illness during the malaria season from pre- (blue) to peak- (red) and post-season (green). Sera from Malian children reacted more strongly to peptides in the 1e-loop and the cytosolic region than other AMA1 peptides.