Table 1 Baseline characteristics.

Age, year

59.3 ± 10.8

60.1 ± 10.3

58.9 ± 11.1

0.621

Female, no. (%)

37 (48.7)

15 (55.6)

22 (44.9)

0.516

Office SBP, mmHg

141.2 ± 20.3

133.1 ± 17.7

145.7 ± 20.4

0.009

Office DBP, mmHg

82.9 ± 14.8

77.5 ± 11.2

85.9 ± 15.8

0.016

BMI, kg/m²

25.6 ± 3.2

24.8 ± 3.4

26.0 ± 3.0

0.095

Current smoking, no. (%)

24 (31.6)

8 (29.6)

16 (32.7)

0.989

   Hypertension

33 (43.4)

12 (44.4)

21 (42.9)

1.000

   Diabetes

15 (19.7)

6 (22.2)

9 (18.4)

0.918

   Dyslipidemia

18 (23.7)

10 (37.0)

8 (16.3)

0.08

   CAD

3 (3.9)

1 (3.7)

2 (4.1)

1.000

   CVA

3 (3.9)

3 (11.1)

0 (0.0)

0.078

   Antiplatelet agents

15 (19.7)

8 (29.6)

7 (14.3)

0.191

   10-year ASCVD risk, %

12.9 ± 12.1

12.9 ± 13.5

12.9 ± 11.4

0.984

   Average 24-h SBP

133.4 ± 16.9

127.7 ± 16.1

136.5 ± 16.7

0.028

   Average 24-h DBP

81.7 ± 11.8

77.8 ± 10.4

83.9 ± 12.1

0.029

   Average daytime SBP

135.9 ± 17.3

129.6 ± 15.9

139.4 ± 17.2

0.018

   Average daytime DBP

83.3 ± 12.0

79.3 ± 11.0

85.5 ± 12.1

0.031

   Average nighttime SBP

125.6 ± 17.9

121.4 ± 18.7

127.9 ± 17.1

0.126

   Average nighttime DBP

76.6 ± 12.2

72.7 ± 10.8

78.7 ± 12.6

0.042

   Average lowest nocturnal SBP

107.0 ± 16.6

104.9 ± 17.9

108.2 ± 16.0

0.401

   Prewaking SBP

126.1 ± 23.0

124.2 ± 18.7

127.1 ± 25.1

0.594

   Surge SBP

134.1 ± 17.9

129.1 ± 18.7

136.8 ± 17.1

0.072

   Sleep-trough morning surge

27.0 ± 14.2

24.2 ± 10.2

28.6 ± 15.8

0.203

   Prewaking morning surge

8.0 ± 19.3

4.9 ± 12.8

9.7 ± 22.1

0.308

   Binary sleep-trough MBPS* (%)

29 (38.2)

4 (14.8)

25 (51.0)

0.004

   Binary prewaking MBPS^† (%)

26 (34.2)

4 (14.8)

22 (44.9)

0.017

   Hemoglobin, g/dl

14.2 ± 1.4

13.8 ± 1.3

14.4 ± 1.4

0.069

   Cholesterol, mg/dl

197.8 ± 41.6

187.8 ± 35.8

203.3 ± 43.8

0.120

   Triglyceride, mg/dl

153.2 ± 79.0

131.5 ± 61.3

165.1 ± 85.5

0.075

   LDL-C, mg/dl

118.4 ± 33.8

112.6 ± 38.9

121.5 ± 30.7

0.277

   HDL-C, mg/dl

55.1 ± 18.8

54.5 ± 16.8

55.5 ± 20.1

0.829

   HbA1C, %

5.9 ± 0.9

5.9 ± 0.8

5.9 ± 1.0

0.978

   D-dimer, ng/ml

99.6 ± 70.9

112.0 ± 72.8

93.3 ± 70.2

0.367

   Lipoprotein A, mg/dl

16.2 ± 15.4

21.2 ± 20.8

13.5 ± 10.9

0.071

   Homocystein, μmol/l

10.2 ± 3.0

10.5 ± 3.0

10.1 ± 3.0

0.612

   ABI, average

1.1 ± 0.1

1.1 ± 0.1

1.1 ± 0.1

0.668

   PWV, average, mm/s

1684 ± 326

1614 ± 338

1722 ± 317

0.169

   Carotid IMT, average, mm

0.7 ± 0.1

0.7 ± 0.1

0.7 ± 0.1

0.371

   Carotid plaque, no. (%)

39 (51.3)

12 (44.4)

27 (55.1)

0.516