Table 1 Baseline characteristics in patients with apparent hypocalcemia, hidden hypocalcemia, and normocalcemia.
Baseline characteristics | Apparent hypocalcemia N = 97 | Hidden hypocalcemia N = 152 | Normocalcemia N = 78 | Apparent vs. Hidden | ANOVA/ Fisher’s exact test |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Ionized calcium (mmol/L) | 0.92 ± 0.12 | 1.07 ± 0.05 | 1.20 ± 0.04 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Corrected calcium (mg/dL) | 7.6 ± 0.6 | 8.9 ± 0.3 | 9.3 ± 0.5 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Age (years) | 61 ± 15 | 67 ± 13 | 62 ± 16 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
Male (%) | 73 | 73 | 62 | 1.00 | 0.16 |
eGFR (ml/min/1.73 m2) | 4.7 ± 1.6 | 5.2 ± 1.6 | 5.4 ± 2.3 | 0.02 | 0.04 |
Body mass index | 24.5 ± 4.5 | 22.5 ± 3.7 | 23.1 ± 6.5 | <0.001 | 0.01 |
Comorbidities | |||||
Diabetes (%) | 37 | 49 | 33 | 0.09 | 0.05 |
Coronary artery disease (%) | 3 | 9 | 10 | 0.07 | 0.10 |
Heart failure (%) | 4 | 11 | 14 | 0.09 | 0.06 |
Pacemaker implantation | 2 | 1 | 1 | 0.64 | 0.86 |
Peripheral artery disease (%) | 6 | 3 | 6 | 0.35 | 0.41 |
Cerebrovascular infarction (%) | 4 | 11 | 12 | 0.09 | 0.12 |
Phosphorus (mg/dL) | 6.6 ± 1.9 | 5.5 ± 1.4 | 5.2 ± 1.6 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Alkaline phosphates (IU/L) | 249 (177, 305) | 219 (179, 298) | 222 (171, 270) | 0.62 | 0.18 |
Intact PTH (pg/mL) | 355 (246, 551) | 273 (188, 372) | 174 (72, 296) | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Albumin (g/dL) | 3.1 ± 0.6 | 2.9 ± 0.6 | 3.3 ± 0.5 | 0.003 | <0.001 |
CRP (mg/dL) | 0.17 (0.05, 0.82) | 0.12 (0.02, 0.89) | 0.06 (0.02, 0.21) | 0.55 | <0.001 |
pH | 7.37 ± 0.05 | 7.40 ± 0.05 | 7.38 ± 0.05 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
HCO3- (mmol/L) | 20.2 ± 4.1 | 23.0 ± 4.4 | 21.5 ± 4.4 | <0.001 | <0.001 |
Prescription | |||||
VDRA (%) | 25 | 32 | 46 | 0.26 | 0.01 |
Calcium bycarbonate (%) | 63 | 41 | 62 | 0.001 | 0.001 |
