Table 2 Associations of hypocalcemia defined by ionized or corrected calcium (A) and apparent hypocalcemia and hidden hypocalcemia (B) with the primary outcome.

From: Hidden Hypocalcemia as a Risk Factor for Cardiovascular Events and All-Cause Mortality among Patients Undergoing Incident Hemodialysis

(A)

 

Low corrected Ca

Normal corrected Ca

Low ionized Ca

Normal ionized Ca

Hazard ratio

P value

Hazard ratio

P value

Univariate

0.70 (0.41 to 1.18)

0.18

Reference

2.04 (1.16 to 3.58)

0.01

Reference

Model 1

0.89 (0.52 to 1.51)

0.66

Reference

1.86 (1.05 to 3.26)

0.03

Reference

Model 2

0.93 (0.53 to 1.63)

0.81

Reference

2.36 (1.30 to 4.30)

0.01

Reference

Model 3

0.78 (0.39 to 1.56)

0.48

Reference

2.69 (1.30 to 5.58)

0.01

Reference

Model 4

0.88 (0.42 to 1.87)

0.74

Reference

2.34 (1.03 to 5.34)

0.04

Reference

(B)

 

Apparent HypoCa

 

Hidden HypoCa

NormoCa

Hazard ratio

P value

 

Hazard ratio

P value

Univariate

1.34 (0.68 to 2.67)

0.40

 

2.51 (1.41 to 4.47)

0.002

Reference

Model 1

1.50 (0.75 to 3.01)

0.25

 

2.04 (1.13 to 3.68)

0.02

Reference

Model 2

1.86 (0.90 to 3.87)

0.10

 

2.63 (1.41 to 4.90)

0.002

Reference

Model 3

1.81 (0.72 to 4.53)

0.21

 

3.02 (1.44 to 6.34)

0.003

Reference

Model 4

1.79 (0.65 to 4.90)

0.26

 

2.56 (1.11 to 5.94)

0.03

Reference

  1. Model 1: univariate + age, sex, eGFR, and history of DM.
  2. Model 2: Model 1 + past history of CVD.
  3. Model 3: Model 2 + parameters of CKD-MBD and pH.
  4. Model 4: Model 3 + parameters of nutrition or inflammation.
  5. Abbreviations: eGFR, estimated glomerular filtration rate; DM, diabetes mellitus; CVD, cardiovascular disease; CKD-MBD, chronic kidney disease-mineral and bone disorder.
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