Table 3 Direct and indirect effects of overweight and obesity on retinal vascular calibre through GlycA; estimates adjusted for age, sex and SEP.

From: Inflammation mediates the relationship between obesity and retinal vascular calibre in 11-12 year-olds children and mid-life adults

Obesity category

Children

Adults

Retinal arteriolar calibre

Retinal venular calibre

Retinal arteriolar calibre

Retinal venular calibre

β’ (95% CI)

p

β’ (95% CI)

p

β’ (95% CI)

p

β’ (95% CI)

p

BMI: Overweight vs normal (ref)

Indirect effect

0.00 (−0.05, 0.05)

0.93

0.05 (0.00, 0.10)

0.05

−0.01 (−0.04, 0.03)

0.71

0.03 (−0.00, 0.06)

0.08

Direct effect

−0.11 (−0.32, 0.10)

0.30

0.20 (0.01, 0.40)

0.04

−0.23 (−0.36, −0.08)

<0.01

−0.01 (−0.17, 0.13)

0.81

Total effect

−0.11 (−0.32, 0.10)

0.33

0.25 (0.06, 0.45)

0.01

−0.24 (−0.36, −0.10)

<0.01

0.02 (−0.13, 0.16)

0.85

Proportion mediated by GlycA

−0.01 (−1.98, 2.76)

0.96

0.19 (−0.00, 0.78)

0.06

0.03 (−0.13, 0.23)

0.71

1.92 (−5.12, 7.21)

0.88

BMI: Obese vs normal (ref)

Indirect effect

0.00 (−0.08, 0.09)

0.88

0.09 (0.01, 0.18)

0.04

−0.01 (−0.04, 0.03)

0.71

0.07 (−0.01, 0.16)

0.08

Direct effect

−0.14 (−0.42, 0.14)

0.32

0.26 (−0.04, 0.55)

0.09

−0.23 (−0.37, −0.09)

<0.01

0.00 (−0.18, 0.16)

0.95

Total effect

−0.13 (−0.41, 0.13)

0.32

0.35 (0.07, 0.64)

0.02

−0.24 (−0.37, −0.10)

<0.01

0.07 (−0.08, 0.21)

0.34

Proportion mediated by GlycA

−0.02 (−2.40, 2.64)

0.92

0.25 (−0.00, 1.25)

0.06

0.03 (−0.13, 0.23)

0.71

1.00 (−6.86, 10.23)

0.39

WHtR: ≥0.5 vs <0.5 (ref)

Indirect effect

−0.00 (−0.09, 0.08)

0.98

0.10 (0.02, 0.18)

0.01

−0.03 (−0.10, 0.03)

0.27

0.05 (−0.02, 0.12)

0.12

Direct effect

−0.18 (−0.41, 0.03)

0.11

0.13 (−0.08, 0.38)

0.22

−0.22 (−0.35, −0.09)

<0.001

0.02 (−0.12, 0.15)

0.76

Total effect

−0.18 (−0.41, 0.04)

0.10

0.23 (0.03, 0.46)

0.02

−0.25 (−0.37, −0.14)

<0.001

0.07 (−0.04, 0.19)

0.21

Proportion mediated by GlycA

0.01 (−1.29, 0.92)

0.98

0.41 (0.04, 1.99)

0.03

0.14 (−0.09, 0.46)

0.27

0.69 (−5.69, 7.24)

0.30

  1. β’ represents effect estimates for direct, indirect, and total effect derived from causal mediation analysis, compared to the reference group.
  2. The proportion of the total effect mediated by GlycA was calculated as the ratio of the indirect effect to the total effect.
  3. Abbreviations: 95%CI, 95% confidence interval; BMI, body mass index; WHtR, waist-to-height ratio; GlycA, glycoprotein acetyls.
Back to article page