Figure 1

Thickness of knee joint and joint capsule. Knee osteoarthritis (OA) rat model received an injection of saline (Sal) or diclofenac sodium in saline at 1 mg/kg (D1) or 2 mg/kg (D2), followed by bathing in thermal distilled water (DW) or Jeju magma-seawater (JMS). The group was designated according to the treatment of injection plus bathing. The OA control and the corresponding sham received Sal plus DW bathing. The kinetic changes on knee thickness and the relatives to Sham group at 8 week after treatment are indicated in (a,b), respectively. After all treatments, thickness of joint capsule is shown in (c). Values were expressed as means ± standard deviation (SD: eight samples/group). The kinetic changes were examined by two-way ANOVA as repeated measurements, and the others were by one-way ANOVA. **p < 0.01 versus sham group, ^##p < 0.01 and ^#p < 0.05 versus OA con, and ^$$p < 0.01 and ^$p < 0.05 versus D2 + DW by LSD post-hoc tests.