Figure 3

Energy spectra obtained from the irradiation of water and graphite by protons, helium, and carbon beams. (a) The low energy \(\gamma \)-lines, particularly the 0.718-MeV carbon line, show a higher prominence for carbon beams, while the high energy \(\gamma \)-lines show a higher prominence for proton and helium beams. (b) The carbon induced \(\gamma \)-yield is about 21 times higher than protons.