Table 1 Comparison of clinical and echocardiographic characteristics between patients with EAT thickness ≦5 mm and >5 mm.

Age (year)

59 ± 12

65 ± 10

<0.001

61 ± 12

Male sex (%)

61

42

0.013

54

Diabetes mellitus (%)

48

46

0.852

47

Hypertension (%)

53

51

0.748

52

Smoking (%)

12

19

0.235

14

CAD (%)

11

9

0.786

10

Stroke (%)

8

12

0.345

10

CHF (%)

25

31

0.396

27

SBP (mmHg)

157 ± 28

149 ± 25

0.073

155 ± 27

DBP (mmHg)

84 ± 16

77 ± 13

0.009

82 ± 15

BMI (kg/m²)

23.4 ± 3.9

24.2 ± 3.8

0.178

23.7 ± 3.8

Albumin (g/dl)

3.9 ± 0.3

3.8 ± 0.4

0.117

3.9 ± 0.3

Hb (g/dl)

10.6 ± 1.3

10.3 ± 1.2

0.122

10.5 ± 1.2

Total cholesterol (mg/dl)

175 ± 39

181 ± 43

0.374

177 ± 40

Triglyceride (mg/dl)

170 ± 134

162 ± 104

0.670

167 ± 123

ACEI and/or ARB use (%)

23

25

0.753

23

β-blocker use (%)

21

22

0.927

21

CCB use (%)

25

26

0.863

25

LAVI (ml/m²)

33 ± 12

35 ± 12

0.291

34 ± 12

LVMI (g/m²)

138 ± 44

135 ± 39

0.617

136 ± 42

LVEF (%)

62 ± 8

62 ± 7

0.935

62 ± 8

E (cm/s)

83 ± 26

85 ± 38

0.670

83 ± 30

E’ (cm/s)

7.0 ± 2.4

6.3 ± 2.2

0.083

6.7 ± 2.3

E/E’

13.5 ± 7.3

15.3 ± 9.3

0.163

14.0 ± 8.0

EAT thickness (mm)

4.0 ± 1.0

7.0 ± 1.2

<0.001

5.0 ± 1.8