Figure 2

(A) Two paired needle electrodes were vertically inserted into the left and right TC laminas, and a 2-cm transverse incision was made on the natural skin crease. Vagus nerve stimulation was performed after opening the carotid sheath. (B) RLN (→) was found adhered to the surface of the left superior parathyroid adenoma. (C) Typical EMG waveform of vagus nerve stimulation with a latency of 5.38 ms after using the double channel method (red circle). (D) Typical EMG waveform of RLN stimulation with a latency of 2.25 ms after using the double channel method (red circle).