Table 2 Various EMG recording methods for IONM during thyroidectomy and parathyroidectomy.
Authors/year | Objects | Control group | Electrode type | Conclusions |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Marcus B et al.18 | Humans | No | Postcricoid surface electrode | The postcricoid surface electrode method was safe, simple, and effective for IONM |
Petro ML et al.19 | Humans | No | Transcricothyroid needle electrodes | This technique was sensitive, easy to use, and accurate |
Haerle S et al.20 | Humans | No | Postcricoid needle electrodes | This method was feasible and reliable compared to the standard vocal cord monitoring |
Alon EE et al.21 | Humans | No | Transcricothyroid needle electrodes | This method was a safe and reliable technique for bilateral monitoring of RLN |
Chiang FY et al.10 | Humans | EMG tube | TC needle electrodes | TC electrodes obtained higher and more stable EMG signals as well as fewer false EMG results |
Farizon B et al.22 | Humans | No | Transcricothyroid needle electrodes | This method predicted a postoperative vocal fold function during a bilateral thyroid surgery |
Wu CW et al.23 | Porcine model | EMG tube | TC surface electrode | This method confirmed the feasibility for recording EMG signals during IONM |
Liddy W et al.24 | Humans | EMG tube | TC surface electrodes | This method provided similar and stable EMG signals with equal sensitivity |
Zhao Y et al.25 | Porcine model | EMG tube | TC needle electrodes | EMG amplitudes were higher and identified RLN injury earlier than ET electrodes |
Wu CW et al.26 | Porcine model | EMG tube | Transcutaneous surface electrodes | This method was feasible, but amplitudes signals were lower |
Li P et al.27 | Humans | No | Arytenoid muscle needle electrodes | This method was considered to be safe, feasible, and reliable |
Sung ES et al.28 | Porcine model | EMG tube | Surface pressure sensor | These sensors were able to identify laryngeal twitching. The stimulus intensity was equivalent to that from conventional vocalis EMG |
Lee HS et al.29 | Humans | EMG tube | Adhesive skin electrodes | This method was successful in all nerves, but amplitudes signals were lower |
