Table 4 Anatomical representation, breakage, digestion and beak marks for rabbit remains assemblages originated by different types of raptors compared with the results obtained for wolves in the present study. 23: Lloveras et al. 2008; 27: Armstrong 2016; 50: Lloveras et al. 2014; 51: Lloveras et al. 2018; 58: Lloveras et al. 2009.
Raptors | Eagle owl Bubo bubo | Bald eagle Haliaeetus leucocephalus | S. Imperial eagle Aquila adalberti | Bonelli’s eagle Aquila fasciata | Great horned owl Bubo virginianus | Golden eagle Aquila chrysaetos | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reference | 58 | 27 | 23 | 50 | 27 | 51 | ||||
Origin | Nest | Non-ingested | Pellets | Pellets | Nest | Pellets | Non-ingested | Pellets | Nest | Pellet |
N | 1808 | 249 | 2275 | 824 | 438 | 193 | 264 | 3184 | 1543 | 670 |
NMI | 19 | — | 10 | 16 | 9 | 4 | — | 10 | 16 | 9 |
RA% > values | cal-inn-fem | Rib-ver-pat | lb-rib | phal 3-u mol-tib | cra-u mol-inn | mol-cra-in | rib-pat-ver | ver-rib-cra | inn-cal-tib | cal-phal3 |
RA% < values | mtc-c/t | — | ver-phal | rib-fem-rad | mtc-rib | Pat-ast | — | mt-phal | rib-c/t | rib-c/t |
Cranial/Postcranial | +postcranial | — | +postcranial | +cranial | +cranial | +cranial | — | +cranial | +cranial | +cranial |
Proximal/Distal | +proximal | = | +proximal | +distal | +proximal | — | — | = | +proximal | +proximal |
Anterior/Posterior | +hindlimb | +forelimb | +forelimb | +hindlimb | +hindlimb | — | +forelimb | +forelimb | +hindlimb | +hindlimb |
PCRT/CR | 60.6 ± 2.7 | — | 50.7 ± 0.3 | 27.7 ± 3.2 | 24.3 ± 0.5 | 24.1 ± 0.7 | — | 53.3 ± 0.3 | 34.7 ± 0.3 | 41.1 ± 0.6 |
PCAP/CR | 64.7 ± 2.6 | — | 40.7 ± 0.4 | 36.3 ± 3.5 | 17.5 ± 0.5 | 21.1 ± 0.7 | — | 42.7 ± 0.4 | 27.4 ± 0.3 | 35.6 ± 0.6 |
PCLB/CR | 70.0 ± 2.5 | — | 50.1 + ± 1.3 | 32.7 ± 3.4 | 32.5 ± 2 | 30.6 ± 3.1 | — | 52.7 + ± 1.2 | 43.7 ± 1.2 | 48.7 ± 2.2 |
AUT/ZE | 38.8 ± 2.7 | — | 50.8 ± 0.7 | 55.4 ± 3.6 | 36.6 ± 1.6 | 50.6 ± 2.5 | — | 49.7 ± 0.7 | 42.4 ± 0.8 | 45.7 ± 1.2 |
Z/E | 40.0 ± 2.7 | — | 49.6 ± 4.6 | 75.3 ± 3.1 | 44.4 ± 9.5 | 52.6 ± 16.8 | — | 49.6 ± 4.6 | 50 ± 5 | 43.2 ± 7.9 |
AN/PO | 21.7 ± 2.3 | — | 49 ± 1.6 | 28.1 ± 3.2 | 30.2 ± 3.7 | 40.3 ± 5.9 | — | 50.3 ± 1.6 | 27.6 ± 1.4 | 31.3 ± 2.7 |
Complete elements % | ||||||||||
Mean value long bones | 14.6 | 92.3 | 0 | 0 | 51.7 | 15 | 98.7 | 0 | 45.3 | 0 |
Mean value total | 53.9 | 76.8 | 47.1 | 27 | 74.7 | 59.6 | 85.6 | 24.1 | 68.2 | 39.8 |
Length (in mm) | ||||||||||
x̄ | 14.5 | 29.7 | 7 | 8.4 | 19.7 | 8.3 | 31.7 | 9.1 | 23.4 | 10 |
%<10 mm | 49 | 24.6 | 77.8 | 73 | 54.9 | 78.1 | 32.8 | 55.6 | 44.7 | 78.6 |
% Digested remains | 68.8 | 0 | 96 | 98 | 31.2 | 72 | 0 | 72.5 | 32 | 73.6 |
% Digested long bones | 88.9 | — | — | 100 | 31 | — | — | — | 50.3 | — |
Degree | ||||||||||
Null | 31.2 | — | 4 | 2 | 68.8 | 27.9 | — | 27 | 68 | 26.4 |
Light | 40.2 | — | 18 | 18.2 | 2.3 | 5.4 | — | 42 | 1.4 | 3.1 |
Moderate | 19.8 | — | 32 | 46.8 | 7.9 | 18.3 | — | 22 | 4.3 | 9.9 |
Heavy | 8 | — | 34 | 27.4 | 14.4 | 33.3 | — | 8 | 8.1 | 18.7 |
Extreme | 0.7 | — | 12 | 5.6 | 6.5 | 15.1 | — | 1 | 18.2 | 41.9 |
Teeth/beak pits & punctures | 2 | 0.6 | 0 | 0.5 | 0.8 | 0 | 2.3 | 0 | 1.1 | 0.1 |
Age - % of adults | 50 | — | — | — | 41.4 | — | — | — | 83.5 | — |
