Table 5 Above: chi-square and p-values obtained in the chi-square tests of independence applied to assess differences in the survivorship of skeletal elements or their fragments in wolves compared to scat and pellet samples generated by other taxa. Below: factorial matrix for components 1 and 2.

From: Distinguishing the taphonomic signature of wolves from humans and other predators on small prey assemblages

 

Chi-squared test

χ2

p-value

df

wolf-fox

15307.8

< 0.00001

16

wolf-lynx

20476.4

< 0.00001

16

wolf-wildcat

13330.1

< 0.00001

16

wolf-coyote

26227.8

< 0.00001

16

wolf-imperial eagle

3182.9

< 0.00001

16

wolf-Bonelli’s eagle

3072.1

< 0.00001

16

wolf-golden eagle

3800.8

< 0.00001

16

 

PCA - Factorial matrix

Component 1

Component 2

 

complete long bones

−0.667

0.74

 

complete remains

−0.918

−0.103

 

average length

−0.791

−0.062

 

remains <10 mm

0.907

0.223

 

digested remains

0.989

0.103

 

digestion 1

0.439

−0.132

 

digestion 2

0.814

0.009

 

digestion 3

0.905

0.173

 

digestion 4

0.689

0.198

 

pits & punctures

−0.443

−0.471

 
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