Figure 5

Schematic overview of the observed effects of UGCG overexpression on breast cancer cell metabolism. UGCG OE leads to increased glycolysis, fueled TCA cycle and increased OXPHOS. This leads to increased mitochondrial ROS level, which is accompanied by increased mitochondrial turnover. The effects are not ascribable to increased mitochondrial mass, but changes sphingolipid composition of ER/mitochondria fractions, which presumably contain ER-mitochondria contact sites. TCA = tricarboxylic acid, ROS = reactive oxygen species, OXPHOS = oxidative phosphorylation, GlcCer = glucosylceramide, LacCer = lactosylceramide, mtDNA = mitochondrial DNA, green arrow = increased in MCF-7/UGCG OE cells compared to control cells.