Table 1 The effect of post-activation potential (PAP) on arm-pull kinetics and kinematics.
From: Arm-pull thrust in human swimming and the effect of post-activation potentiation
Non-PAP Mean±SD (95CI) | PAP Mean±SD (95CI) | Worthwhile change (% of non-PAP) | Δ | P | |d| | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Peak thrust [N] | 72.3 ± 11.6 | 80.9 ± 11.9 | 2.32N | 13.37% | 0.010 | 0.74 |
(66.1–78.7) | (74.5–87.9) | (3.20%) | ||||
Mean Thrust [N] | 27.9 ± 7.7 | 31.9 ± 8.1 | 1.55N | 18.90% | 0.054 | 0.50 |
(23.8–32.4) | (26.6–36.7) | (5.54%) | ||||
Thrust-time integral [N.s] | 33.5 ± 8.6 | 38.3 ± 6.2 | 1.25N.s | 18.73% | 0.004 | 0.63 |
(28.7–38.2) | (34.4–41.8) | (3.26%) | ||||
Speed [m/s] | 0.84 ± 0.10 | 0.86 ± 0.09 | 0.02 m/s | 2.78% | 0.307 | 0.18 |
(0.78–0.89) | (0.80–0.90) | (2.08%) | ||||
Speed fluctuation [dimensionless] | 0.14 ± 0.02 | 0.14 ± 0.05 | 0.01 | 0.73% | 0.498 | 0.04 |
(0.12–0.15) | (0.11–0.17) | (7.41%) |
