Figure 1

Rapamycin enhanced early AVF remodeling to improve patency. (A) Photomicrographs of representative dual IF of a-actin (green) and p-Akt1 (red, first row) or p-mTORC1 (red, second row) in AVF after control, early or late rapamycin treatment (day 42). (B) Bar graphs showing quantification of dual IF in AVF after control, early rapamycin or late rapamycin treatment (day 42); p-Akt1-α-actin: p = 0.6067 (ANOVA); p-mTORC1-α-actin: *p = 0.0004 (ANOVA); control vs late rapamycin: p = 0.0016; n=5 for all groups except n = 4 in control group for p-mTORC1-α-actin.