Table 1 Soil total organic carbon (TOC, g kg−1), total phosphorus (TP mg kg−1) and major ions composition(mg kg−1) at different sampling depths after the three year field trial as influenced by different treatments (mean ± SE, n = 3).

From: Biochar and fulvic acid amendments mitigate negative effects of coastal saline soil and improve crop yields in a three year field trial

Itema

TOC

TP

K+

Na+

Ca2+

Mg2+

Cl−

SO42−

CO32− + HCO3−

 

0–20 cm

CK

3.8 ± 0.2d

487.4 ± 24.5b

17.2 ± 2.3b

370 ± 35.2a

51.5 ± 22.2c

27.7 ± 4.5b

781.6 ± 58.1a

33.5 ± 7.3a

21.4 ± 3a

FA

4.1 ± 0.8c

516.8 ± 11.3b

12.4 ± 1.1b

271.3 ± 26.3b

69.2 ± 40.1b

17.6 ± 5.3c

303.7 ± 27.8e

14.3 ± 6.7b

34.6 ± 4.1a

BC1

5.1 ± 0b

334 ± 17.9c

13.2 ± 1.1b

329.9 ± 23.8a

110.4 ± 35.6a

25.3 ± 1.1b

608.7 ± 34.9b

16.7 ± 7.1b

30.5 ± 1a

BC1 + FA

4.3 ± 0.7c

424.7 ± 18.2ab

15.6 ± 2b

289 ± 17.6b

114.4 ± 17.8a

43.7 ± 3.4a

583.7 ± 46.5c

25.4 ± 3.3ab

30.5 ± 6.1a

BC2

5.4 ± 0.7b

490.2 ± 23.6b

14.4 ± 1.7b

355.1 ± 22.1a

129 ± 12.1a

37.9 ± 2.9a

699.1 ± 38.2ab

27.3 ± 1.4a

27.5 ± 4.3ab

BC2 + FA

5.2 ± 0.3b

507.2 ± 15.1b

18 ± 3.4b

333.5 ± 15.3a

107.6 ± 1.1a

32.5 ± 5.2a

525.7 ± 11.8c

20.2 ± 4.3ab

27.5 ± 4.3ab

BC3

7 ± 0.1a

542.8 ± 17.6b

20.3 ± 3.4a

305.8 ± 17ab

75.8 ± 5.5b

20.6 ± 2.2b

457.3 ± 33.6d

17 ± 6.8b

21.4 ± 4.3b

BC3 + FA

6.4 ± 0.1a

701.6 ± 29.9a

27.5 ± 3.8a

296.2 ± 24.6b

88.8 ± 19.2b

26.2 ± 2.7b

376.1 ± 38.5e

34.2 ± 2.7a

27.5 ± 2.9ab

 

20–40 cm

CK

1.4 ± 0.8

366.7 ± 36.4b

30.7 ± 2.8ab

390 ± 36.3a

65.2 ± 4.5a

18.3 ± 5.7b

751.1 ± 19a

18 ± 1.9a

32.5 ± 7.7ab

FA

1.3 ± 0.2

323.7 ± 39.5b

29.1 ± 2.3b

237.7 ± 12.1b

45.9 ± 2b

24.2 ± 2.2a

232.1 ± 39.9d

13 ± 1.9a

36.6 ± 2.6a

BC1

1.6 ± 0.2

265.5 ± 14.5c

29.9 ± 3.4b

378 ± 34a

56.6 ± 2.5a

17.1 ± 8.3b

640.2 ± 48.4a

16.5 ± 2.8

35.1 ± 10.8

BC1 + FA

1.4 ± 0.3

384 ± 53b

28.3 ± 2.4b

298.6 ± 14.7b

42.9 ± 7.9b

25.8 ± 4.5a

479 ± 39.7b

17.5 ± 1.4a

30.5 ± 3b

BC2

1.8 ± 0.8

356.2 ± 14.2b

28.7 ± 5.1b

361.1 ± 13.6a

62.2 ± 6.7a

10.6 ± 1.6c

580.7 ± 60.2ab

15.4 ± 2.3a

24.4 ± 2.3b

BC2 + FA

1.7 ± 0.2

343.6 ± 28.4b

31.1 ± 1.7ab

346.7 ± 40.8a

57.6 ± 2.3a

19 ± 2.4b

474.3 ± 26.7b

24 ± 7.3a

38.1 ± 5.1a

BC3

1.3 ± 0.1

325.4 ± 21.3b

37.1 ± 1.2a

329.9 ± 40.8a

45.4 ± 4.8b

21.8 ± 6a

422.2 ± 26.2c

7.3±3.4b

42.7 ± 7.3a

BC3 + FA

1.1 ± 0.2

492.7 ± 14.4a

28.7 ± 1.7b

281.8 ± 12.1b

59.6 ± 7.9a

14.4 ± 5.2b

357 ± 41.6d

13.2±5.5a

35.1 ± 6.5a

  1. aCK is control, BC1 is 7.5 t ha−1 biochar, BC2 is 15 t ha−1 biochar, BC3 is 30 t ha−1 biochar, FA is 1.5 t ha−1 fulvic acid. Mean values ± SE in the same row of each soil depth followed by the different lowercase letters indicate significantly difference using LSD test at p < 0.05 level.
Back to article page