Table 3 Basic chemical and physical properties of the soil (0–20 cm), biochar, and fulvic acid.

From: Biochar and fulvic acid amendments mitigate negative effects of coastal saline soil and improve crop yields in a three year field trial

Soila

Biochar

Fulvic acid

EC (μS cm−1)

680.00

Feedstock

wheat straw

Pure substance (%)

99.80

pH (water 1: 5)

9.24

Pyrolysis temperature (°C)

350–550

pH (water 1: 5)

4.52

TOC (g kg−1)

3.55

EC (μS/cm)

820.00

C (%)

55.90

Bulk density (g cm−3)

1.38

pH (water 1: 10)

10.4

H (%)

2.35

Total N (g kg−1)

0.28

TOC (g/kg)

467

N (%)

0.76

Sand (%)

3.48

Bulk density (g/cm3)

0.65

S (%)

2.18

Silt (%)

75.76

N (%)

5.90

O (%)

38.81

Clay (%)

20.76

Total ash (%)

20.8

H/C (%)

0.50

Na+ (mg kg−1)

400

Ca (mg/kg)

10.10

O/C (%)

0.52

Cl− (mg kg−1)

550

Mg (mg/kg)

6.09

N/C (%)

0.01

CEC (cmol kg−1)

2.42

CEC (cmol/kg)

35.15

Acidic groups (mmol g−1)

9.39

  1. aEC is electrical conductivity, TOC is total organic carbon, CEC is cation exchange capacity.
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