Table 1 Anthropometric characteristics and exercise test variables in healthy controls and patients with and without metabolic myopathies.

	Control	Non-metabolic Myalgia	MAD Absent	McArdle	Respiratory Chain Deficiency
*Anthropometric data*
Number (n)	35	60	10	9	4
Sex (f/m)	17/18	20/40	4/6	5/4	1/3
Age (years)	40.1 ± 12.9	42.5 ± 13.6	39.9 ± 15.6	43.3 ± 25.9	40.5 ± 16.4
BMI (kg.m⁻²)	23.9 ± 4.9	24.3 ± 4.5	27.1 ± 7.0	22.5 ± 3.5	24.0 ± 4.9
*Isometric handgrip test*
MVC (DaN)	39.7 ± 8.8	38.2 ± 12.1	37.4 ± 10.8	26.7 ± 7.9 *	33.9 ± 14.1
%Pred. MVC	97.1 ± 12.4	87.6 ± 18.9^†	87.9 ± 19.9	78.5 ± 9.3^†	76.1 ± 30.2
*Progressive cycle ergometer test*
Maximal power (W)	195.3 ± 64.5	183.4 ± 64.6	134.0 ± 59.7	68.1 ± 19.6^†‡§	128.5 ± 69.5
% Pred. maximal power	107.3 ± 20.9	98.2 ± 21.9	71.7 ± 17.1 *^#	43.8 ± 14.6 *^#	67.5 ± 30.7 *
Peak V’O₂ (ml.min⁻¹.kg⁻¹)	34.3 ± 8.2	32.6 ± 9.2	28.7 ± 12.9	21.2 ± 7.0 *^#	27.3 ± 11.4
% Pred. peak V’O₂	106.8 ± 21.4	100.8 ± 18.0	89.6 ± 20.3	66.9 ± 11.1 *^#	78.7 ± 26.9
*Ratio MVC/MP*
%Pred. MVC / %Pred. maximal power	0.92 ± 0.13	0.92 ± 0.25	1.29 ± 0.43	1.96 ± 0.66 ^†‡	1.24 ± 0.42

Data are reported as mean ± SD. MAD, Myoadenylate deaminase; BMI, Body Mass Index; MVC, maximal voluntary contraction force; Peak V’O₂, maximum oxygen consumption; MP, Maximal Power. Data were analyzed by a one-way ANOVA, followed by post-hoc Scheffé’s or Games-Howell pairwise comparison tests according to Levene’s test results for homogeneity of variance. ^*significantly different from Control (p < 0.05, Post hoc Scheffe’s multiple comparison test). ^#significantly different from non-metabolic myalgia (p < 0.05, Post hoc Scheffe’s multiple comparison test). ^†significantly different from control (p < 0.03, Games-Howell post hoc test). ^‡significantly different from non-metabolic myalgia (p < 0.03, Games-Howell post hoc test). ^§significantly different from respiratory chain deficiency (p < 0.05, Games-Howell post hoc test).

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