Table 2 Mean ± SD of the parameters evaluated in the left kidney by different ultrasonographic methods (B-Mode, Doppler and contrast enhancement ultrasound CEUS) in healthy and affected by acute kidney injury secondary to sepsis/pyometra bitches.

From: Clinical and ultrasound variables for early diagnosis of septic acute kidney injury in bitches with pyometra

Parameter

Healthy patients

AKI patients

P-value

Regression coefficient

Probability ratio

B-Mode

RLeng/AorRatio

5.55 ± 0.43

6.90 ± 1.68

0.0012*

8.45

4.75

Cort/MedRatio

1.07 ± 0.21

0.99 ± 0.20

0.0797

N/A

N/A

Doppler Ultrasonography

Pulsatility index

1.23 ± 0.38

1.81 ± 1.54

0.0004*

2.96

1.98

TaMin (cm/s)

26.17 ± 9.47

17.8 ± 10.83

0.0005*

−4.26

0.01

TaMax (cm/s)

52.65 ± 20.12

34.52 ± 21.08

0.0005*

−2.43

0.09

Resistivity index

0.66 ± 0.10

0.74 ± 0.12

0.0057*

1.19

1.60

RBF (mL/min/g)

1.61 ± 0.54

1.02 ± 0.94

0.0100*

−1.67

0.27

SystVel (cm/s)

99.55 ± 33.65

82.15 ± 30.27

0.0102

N/A

N/A

DiastVel (cm/s)

36.73 ± 11.50

22.42 ± 16.41

0.0396

N/A

N/A

CEUS

CortPeak (%)

96.51 ± 58.02

37.20 ± 84.70

0.0098*

−1.81

0.02

MedPeak (%)

122.40 ± 48.10

75.30 ± 73.20

0.0360

N/A

N/A

Cort(a) (%/s)

1.43 ± 2.02

2.91 ± 1.65

0.0429

N/A

N/A

MedAUC

1119 ± 706

1503 ± 1448

0.1857

N/A

N/A

Med(a) (%/s)

0.72 ± 0.80

0.87 ± 0.68

0.2758

N/A

N/A

CortTP (s)

15.71 ± 7.92

11.67 ± 4.01

0.2933

N/A

N/A

CortAUC

518.00 ± 449.00

836.00 ± 1035.00

0.3305

N/A

N/A

Med(b) (%/s)

0.58 ± 0.62

0.64 ± 0.42

0.4596

N/A

N/A

Cort(b) (%/s)

0.98 ± 0.99

1.46 ± 0.92

0.5334

N/A

N/A

MedTP (s)

41.86 ± 21.23

39.46 ± 21.79

0.5334

N/A

N/A

CortMtT (s)

20.70 ± 13.93

22.41 ± 12.73

0.6404

N/A

N/A

MedMtT (s)

51.20 ± 23.70

49.36 ± 26.57

0.8457

N/A

N/A

  1. SD: standard deviation, AKI: Acute kidney injury, RLeng/AorRatio: Renal length/aorta diameter ratio, Cort/MedRatio: Corticomedullary ratio, TaMin: time-averaged minimum velocity, TaMax: time-averaged maximum velocity, RBF: Renal blood flow, SystVel: Systolic velocity, DiastVel: Diastolic velocity, Cort: Cortical, MED: Medullary, Peak: peak contrast enhancement, TP: time to peak, MtT: mean transmission time, AUC: area under the curve, (a): slope of the input curve and (b): slope of output curve, N/A: Not applicable. *Considered statistically significant by t-Student test, (P ≤ 0.01).