Table 3 Gene set enrichment for selected Gene Ontology (GO) biological processes, Reactome (R), KEGG (K) and Hallmark (H) gene sets in muscle of arctic ground squirrels during hibernation (ET- entering torpor, LT-late torpor) as compared to summer active (SA) animals.

From: Transcriptional changes in muscle of hibernating arctic ground squirrels (Urocitellus parryii): implications for attenuation of disuse muscle atrophy

Comparison

ET vs. SA

LT vs. SA

Gene set

#genes

NES

FDR

#genes

NES

FDR

Fatty acid β oxidation (GO)

45

2.27

0.05

45

2.69

0.001

Muscle atrophy (GO)

13

−1.66

0.04

13

−1.61

0.04

Translation (R)

137

4.20

<0.001

137

5.10

<0.001

Muscle contraction (R)

42

−2.94

<0.001

43

−2.69

<0.001

Ribosome (K)

81

4.09

<0.001

81

4.06

<0.001

Peroxisome (H)

80

1.91

0.034

82

2.53

<0.001

TNFA Signaling via NFKB (H)

144

−3.40

<0.001

147

−2.75

<0.001

Apoptosis (H)

127

−2.84

<0.001

129

−1.17

NS

  1. NES – normalized enrichment score, positive values indicate elevated proportion of overexpressed genes and negative scores indicate excess of under expressed genes. FDR – false discovery rate.
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