Table 1 Relevant concepts.

Impedance (Z) is an expression of the opposition that a system offers to alternating electric current.

Resistance (R) is a measure of the extent to which a substance opposes the movement of electrons among its atoms.

Reactance (X) is the amount of energy that a circuit stores³¹.

Capacitance (C) is the ratio of the change in the electric charge of a system to the corresponding change in its electric potential.