Table 4 Relationships between serum iron, ferritin, and hepcidin levels and osteoporosis-related factors analyzed by multiple regression.

	Fe		Ferritin		Log (hep + 1)
	β	p	β	p	β	p
Femoral T score	0.121	0.039	0.028	0.631	0.012	0.840
Femoral Z score	0.123	0.046	0.048	0.449	0.059	0.362
Bone alkaline phosphatase	0.101	0.118	−0.027	0.677	−0.040	0.543
TRACP-5b	−0.067	0.294	−0.079	0.222	−0.058	0.383
25(OH)D	0.044	0.493	0.200	0.002	0.207	0.002
FGF-23	0.090	0.146	0.103	0.096	0.029	0.653
MMP-3	−0.046	0.402	0.160	0.004	−0.015	0.790
Annual change of femoral T score*	0.000	0.996	−0.132	0.056	−0.031	0.659
Annual change of lumbar T score*	0.013	0.851	0.085	0.225	0.159	0.025

Multiple regression models were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, eGFR, CRP, PSL use, bDMARD use, anti-resorption drug use, teriparatide use, and iron agent use.
TRACP-5b, tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase-5b; 25(OH)D, 25-hydroxy vitamin D; FGF23, fibroblast growth factor 23; MMP-3, matrix metalloprotease 3.
*Annual change of T score was evaluated in 231 patients and the mean observational period was 2.0 ± 0.33 years (0.63–3.25).

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