Figure 2
Hepatic steatosis correlates with impaired fetal development and metabolic disorders. (a,b) Plasma glucose levels during the glucose tolerance test (GTT, n = 8 dams/group) (a) and insulin tolerance test (ITT, n = 4 dams/group) (b) in pregnant mice carrying E15.5 embryos. *p < 0.01 vs. pair-fed mice from post hoc analysis for the ANOVA; p < 0.001 from the ANOVA. (c) Area under the curve (AUC) analysis for GTT (a) and ITT (b). *p < 0.01. (d) Changes in plasma insulin levels at E0 and E15.5 of mice with or without ethanol consumption before pregnancy (*p < 0.05 vs. pair-fed mice at E0; **p < 0.01 vs. pair-fed mice at E15.5; ***p < 0.001 vs. EtOH-fed mice at E0; n = 8 dams/group). (e) Representative immunoblots of insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) immunoprecipitates and total lysates (top) and densitometric quantification of blots (lower, n = 8). *p < 0.01 vs. pair-fed mice at E15.5. (f) H&E staining of liver tissue and steatosis score were measured (scale bar, 50 μm; *p < 0.01, n = 8). (g) Hepatic expression of proteins related to fatty acid oxidation and lipid accumulation by Western blots. Data for densitometry quantification of blots are shown in Fig. S2d(top panel). (h) Comparison of peroxisomal β-oxidation rate at E15.5 (*p < 0.05 vs. pair-fed mice; n = 8). (i) Correlation between SREBP1c mRNA expression and P0 macrosomia. Neonatal body weight is the mean body weight of the pups (n = 6 to 9 pups/mouse). Correlation coefficients (r) and p values are given. Data are expressed as the mean ± SEM. Data in a and b were analyzed by two-way repeated measures ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc test. Data in d were analyzed by two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post hoc multiple comparison test. Data in c,e,f, and h were analyzed using unpaired Student’s t test. pY, phosphorylated tyrosine; pS, phosphorylated serine; IP, immunoprecipitation.
