Table 1 Clinical Characteristics of patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis.

Sex

Female

58

Male

48

Age

Female_age

25.94 ± 1.64

Male_age

36.49 ± 2.3

Female_age vs male_age

P = 0.000^d

 ^a

Female 36; male 24

 ^b

Female 18; male 19

Symptom presentation

Behavioral changes

 Female

49 (42 OS)

  ^a

35 (29 OS)

  ^b

10 (9 OS)

 Male

30 (23 OS)

  ^a

15 (12 OS)

  ^b

11 (8 OS)

Seizures

Female

40 (14 OS; 22 FS)

 ^a

25 (4 OS; 12 FS)

 ^b

11 (6 OS; 8 FS)

Male

31 (19 OS; 17 FS)

 ^a

15 (8 OS; 9 FS)

 ^b

11 (8 OS; 7 FS)

Consciousness disturbance

32

Cognitive impairment

59

Language impairment

16

Focal limb weakness

3

Involuntary movement

16

Oral

10 (female^a)

Other

6

Number of symptoms

Female^c

4.06 ± 0.98 vs 1.88 ± 0.86

P = 0.000^d

Male^c

2.29 ± 1.0 vs 1.50 ± 0.79

P = 0.006^d

Female vs male^a

4.06 ± 0.98 vs 2.29 ± 1.0

P = 0.000^d

Female vs male^b

1.88 ± 0.86 vs 1.50 ± 0.79

P = 0.179^d

Imaging

Normal T2/FLAIR

74

Abnormal T2/FLAIR

28

Total ASL

23

Abnormal T2/Flair and focal high blood flow

9

Normal T2/Flair and focal high blood flow

13

EEG during peak stage

Median 19.5

Background activity (BA)

Normal

2 female; 2 male

Mild DPS

8 female; 17 male

Moderate DPS

19 female; 12 male

SDPS

13 female; 2 male

EDB

5 female^a; 1 male

Female^c

P = 0.000^e

Male^c

P = 0.461^e

Female vs male^a

P = 0.000^e

Female vs male^b

P = 0.657^e

CSF

White cells

 Abnormal T2/FLAIR

89.63 ± 29.53

 Normal T2/FLAIR

18.44 ± 7.42

P = 0.000^d

 Abnormal T2/FLAIR vs normal

 T2/FlAIR

 Normal T2/FLAIR and focal high blood flow

4.9 ± 8.52

Protein

 Abnormal T2/Flair

0.63 ± 0.06

P = 0.002^d

 Normal T2/Flair

0.4 ± 0.03

 Abnormal T2/Flair vs normal T2/Flair

ICU admission

9^a; 2^b

Tumor

Ovarian teratomas

4

Other

1

Therapy

First-line alone

103

First-line and second-line

3

With/without relapse

Female

3^a; 1^b

Male

4^a

mRS (follow-up from 12 to 50 months)

Median 19

0–1

37

≥ 2

53 (4 died)