Figure 4 | Scientific Reports

Figure 4

From: Selective whole genome amplification of Plasmodium malariae DNA from clinical samples reveals insights into population structure

Figure 4

Population structure of P. malariae parasites. A maximum likelihood (ML) tree was generated using 29,899 unique SNPs from 18 amplified and sequenced samples (> 40% genome with at least fivefold coverage). The ML tree is unrooted and was generated using Iqtree39 with Modelfinder software used to select the best model of substitution40. Horizontal branch lengths are drawn to scale demonstrating the number of substitutions per position, and branch bootstrap values (determined using UFBoot241) above 50 are denoted with a grey circle at the start of each branch. The tree was visualised in iTOL42, and branches were coloured by country (country codes: KEN = Kenya, SLE = Sierra Leone, LBR = Liberia, UGA = Uganda, THA = Thailand, SDN = Sudan).

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