Table 2 Intragroup differences in the accuracy (%) outcome measure.
From: Effects of movement representation techniques on motor learning of thumb-opposition tasks
Measure | Group | Mean ± SD | Mean difference (95% CI); effect size (d) (a) post—1 week (b) post—1 month (c) post—4 months | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Post | 1 week | 1 month | 4 months | |||
Left hand | PO | 56.6 ± 12.6 | 51.6 ± 14.2 | 52.9 ± 12.4 | 45.8 ± 9.9 | (a) 5.0 (− 4.6 to 14.6); d = 0.37 (b) 3.7 (− 6.9 to 14.4); d = 0.29 (c) 10.8 (− 4.3 to 26.0); d = 0.95 |
MI | 93.7 ± 15.3 | 84.1 ± 18.8 | 77.9 ± 18.4 | 59.6 ± 22.5 | (a) 9.6 (− 0.1 to 19.2); d = 0.56 (b) 15.8* (5.1 to 26.5); d = 0.93 (c) 34.1** (18.9 to 49.3); d = 1.77 | |
AO | 99.5 ± 1.6 | 97.5 ± 3.1 | 95.0 ± 16.2 | 84.1 ± 21.8 | (a) 2.1 (− 7.5 to 11.7); d = 0.81 (b) 4.5 (− 6.1 to 15.2); d = 0.39 (c) 15.4* (0.2 to 30.6); d = 0.99 | |
Right hand | PO | 53.7 ± 17.8 | 55.4 ± 15.2 | 53.7 ± 12.4 | 40.8 ± 11.7 | (a) − 1.6 (− 8.3 to 4.9); d = − 0.1 (b) 0 (− 10.0 to 10.0); d = 0 (c) 12.9* (0.9 to 24.9); d = 0.85 |
MI | 78.7 ± 22.5 | 77.9 ± 22.0 | 74.1 ± 21.7 | 53.3 ± 23.8 | (a) 0.8 (− 5.7 to 7.4); d = 0.03 (b) 4.5 (− 5.5 to 14.6); d = 0.2 (c) 25.4** (13.4 to 37.4); d = 1.09 | |
AO | 95.0 ± 8.2 | 92.9 ± 8.1 | 92.0 ± 15.9 | 85.41 ± 18.7 | (a) 2.08 (− 4.5 to 8.7); d = 0.25 (b) 2.97 (− 7.2 to 13.0); d = 0.23 (c) 9.6 (− 2.4 to 21.5); d = 0.66 | |
Both hands | PO | 57.9 ± 11.6 | 49.1 ± 21.8 | 43.7 ± 6.8 | 41.7 ± 5.0 | (a) 8.7 (− 2.2 to 19.7); d = 0.5 (b) 14.1** (6.3 to 22.0); d = 1.49 (c) 16.2** (6.8 to 25.5); d = 1.81 |
MI | 72.0 ± 20.4 | 82.5 ± 19.9 | 66.2 ± 19.8 | 61.4 ± 19.5 | (a) − 10.4 (− 21.4 to 0.6); d = − 0.52 (b) 5.8 (− 1.9 to 13.7); d = 0.28 (c) 10.6* (1.3 to 19.9); d = 0.53 | |
AO | 94.7 ± 5.6 | 90.8 ± 13.7 | 89.7 ± 9.8 | 78.0 ± 15.8 | (a) 3.9 (− 7.0 to 14.9); d = 0.37 (b) 5.0 (− 2.7 to 12.9); d = 0.62 (c) 16.8** (7.4 to 26.1); d = 1.40 | |
