Figure 1

Effects of the three steps of the immobilization procedure as evaluated in real time in the ProteonXPR36 SPR instrument. For these studies, we used a bare gold chip pre-coated (out of the instrument) with lipoic acid. The figure shows the changes in the SPR signals (in resonance units) during the sequential 5Â min flow with EDC/NHS (activation), followed by IgG or the anti-IFX antibody (immobilization) and ethanolamine (deactivation). The SPR signal measured at the end of the whole procedure indicates the immobilization level.