Figure 3 | Scientific Reports

Figure 3

From: Longitudinal profiling of oligomeric Aβ in human nasal discharge reflecting cognitive decline in probable Alzheimer’s disease

Figure 3

The association between soluble Aβ oligomer levels and cognitive performance over time (for 3 years). (A) MMSE change pattern over 3 years (baseline is 1st year). (B) GDS change pattern over 3 years (baseline is 1st year). Marginally significance on interaction by two-way RMANOVA (P = 0.050). High group show higher change of GDS compare to Low group on 3rd year. Statistical significance is denoted (ns > 0.05 and *P < 0.05) followed by Bonferroni post hoc test. (C–D) Correlation analysis between soluble Aβ oligomer levels and slope of cognitive performance. Increased levels of soluble Aβ oligomers in nasal discharge are associated with declining cognitive status over time. This effect is constant over time; levels of soluble Aβ oligomers in nasal discharge are significantly associated with declining cognitive status after 3 years.

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