Table 1 Summary of cognitive assessments and age by disease status and gender.

From: Longitudinal profiling of oligomeric Aβ in human nasal discharge reflecting cognitive decline in probable Alzheimer’s disease

Conditions

Normal

Dementia (probable AD)

Gender

Male

Female

Male

Female

Number of subjects

21

39

10

11

24

15

Age (years; mean ± SE)

71.92 ± 5.27

76.30 ± 6.18

(ns)

73.72 ± 6.92

70.29 ± 3.77

76.92 ± 6.84

75.32 ± 5.12

MMSE (mean ± SE)

27.61 ± 0.85

20.47 ± 3.73

(***)

27.55 ± 0.82

27.71 ± 0.95

21.62 ± 3.43

19.88 ± 0.63

CDR (mean ± SE)

0.47 ± 0.12

0.65 ± 0.23

(***)

0.45 ± 0.15

0.50 ± 0.00

0.61 ± 0.22

0.66 ± 0.24

GDS (mean ± SE)

1.94 ± 0.24

3.29 ± 0.37

(***)

2.00 ± 0.00

1.85 ± 0.38

3.31 ± 0.63

3.36 ± 0.57

  1. The data are presented as means ± SEs. For the statistical analysis, one-way ANOVA was performed, followed by Dunnett’s post-hoc test. Statistical significance is denoted as ns: P > 0.05, ***P < 0.001. MMSE, CDR, and GDS refer to the Mini-Mental State Examination, the Clinical Dementia Rate, and the Global Deterioration Scale, respectively.
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