Table 3 Concentrations of outdoor air pollutants in villages of Xuanwei and Fuyuan, by coal type, stove type, and season.

From: Characterization of outdoor air pollution from solid fuel combustion in Xuanwei and Fuyuan, a rural region of China

 

PM2.5 (µg/m3)

BaP (ng/m3)

NAP (ng/m3)

SO2

NO2 (µg/m3)

N

AMa

GM (GSD)b

N

AMa

GM (GSD)b

N

AMa

GM (GSD)b

N

%Detect

N

AMa

GM (GSD)b

Coal type from coalmines

Smokeless coal

14

46.1

35.0 (2.4)

4

5.9

5.7 (1.4)

7

331

303 (1.6)

14

21.6

14

106.3

90.8 (1.7)

Smoky coal

71

54.5

47.7 (1.7)

47

11.6

10.2 (1.7)c

51

1,144

795 (2.4)c

74

50.0d

73

95.9

91.6 (1.4)

Proportion of ventilated stoves in a village

 ≤ 50%

19

52.1

44.4 (2.0)

9

8.7

8.1 (1.5)

15

666

543 (1.9)

20

30.0

20

89.9

84.5 (1.4)

 > 50%

66

53.4

45.6 (1.8)

42

11.6

10.1 (1.7)

43

1,178

776 (2.5)

68

25.0

67

99.9

93.7 (1.4)

Season

Autumn

32

42.3

35.3 (1.9)

16

7.9

7.4 (1.4)

28

763.3

547.4 (2.3)

33

30.3

33

80.7

77.0 (1.4)

Spring

25

51.2

43.9 (1.9)

21

13.4

11.9 (1.7)e

17

813.9

629.2 (2.1)

24

24.0

24

105.4

97.9 (1.4)e

Summer

0

–

–

0

–

–

0

–

–

2

0.0

2

81.1

76.3 (1.6)

Winter

28

67.2

62.2 (1.5)e

14

11.3

9.9 (1.7)

13

1957.7

1,435.5 (2.3)e,f

28

25.0

28

112.0

107.1 (1.4)e

  1. NAP, naphthalene, BaP Benzo-a-pyrene, SO2 sulfur dioxide, NO2 nitrogen dioxide.
  2. aAM arithmetic mean. bGM geometric mean, GSD geometric standard deviation. cp < 0.05 when compared with smokeless coal via Tukey HSD test. dp < 0.05 when compared with smokeless coal via Fisher’s exact test. ep < 0.05 when compared with autumn via Tukey HSD test. fp < 0.05 when compared with spring via Tukey HSD test.
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