Table 5 Adjusted ORs (95% CIs) of CVD risk factors vs. non-CVD risk factors associated with various anthropometric indicators of obesity, stratified by gender.

From: Optimal cut-off values for anthropometric measures of obesity in screening for cardiometabolic disorders in adults

Men

BMI < 30.0

BMI ≥ 30.0

WC < 94.0

WC ≥ 94.0

WHR < 0.85

WHR ≥ 0.85

WHTR < 0.50

WHTR ≥ 0.50

Hypertension

1.00 (ref)

2.84 (2.25, 3.59)***

1.00 (ref)

2.85 (2.28, 3.59)***

1.00 (ref)

3.96 (2.09, 8.18)***

1.00 (ref)

3.67 (2.55, 5.38)***

Dyslipidemia

1.00 (ref)

1.56 (1.18, 2.08)**

1.00 (ref)

1.24 (0.95, 1.60)

1.00 (ref)

1.06 (0.53, 2.00)

1.00 (ref)

1.54 (1.05, 2.22)*

Diabetes mellitus

1.00 (ref)

2.95 (2.12, 4.12)***

1.00 (ref)

3.55 (2.22, 6.00)***

1.00 (ref)

5.37 (1.16, 95.59)

1.00 (ref)

10.03 (3.13, 61.21)**

 ≥ 1 risk factor

1.00 (ref)

3.38 (2.07, 5.89)***

1.00 (ref)

2.08 (1.46, 2.95)***

1.00 (ref)

1.34 (0.54, 2.86)

1.00 (ref)

2.86 (1.84, 4.39)***

 ≥ 2 risk factors

1.00 (ref)

2.88 (2.30, 3.62)***

1.00 (ref)

2.92 (2.31, 3.70)***

1.00 (ref)

5.09 (2.43, 12.42)***

1.00 (ref)

3.91 (2.64, 5.97)***

Women

BMI < 30.0

BMI ≥ 30.0

WC < 80.0 cm

WC ≥ 80.0 cm

WHR < 0.75

WHR ≥ 0.75

WHTR < 0.50

WHTR ≥ 0.50

Hypertension

1.00 (ref)

3.28 (2.75, 3.90)***

1.00 (ref)

2.93 (2.45, 3.52)***

1.00 (ref)

2.82 (2.03, 4.01)***

1.00 (ref)

2.83 (2.37, 3.39)***

Dyslipidemia

1.00 (ref)

1.08 (0.88, 1.34)

1.00 (ref)

1.03 (0.84, 1.25)

1.00 (ref)

1.19 (0.85, 1.63)

1.00 (ref)

1.05 (0.86, 1.29)

Diabetes mellitus

1.00 (ref)

3.68 (2.68, 5.07)***

1.00 (ref)

3.26 (2.01, 5.64)***

1.00 (ref)

5.88 (1.85, 35.77)*

1.00 (ref)

2.88 (1.82, 4.81)***

 ≥ 1 risk factor

1.00 (ref)

2.15 (1.55, 3.05)***

1.00 (ref)

1.61 (1.26, 2.05)***

1.00 (ref)

1.77 (1.22, 2.53)**

1.00 (ref)

1.57 (1.23, 2.01)***

 ≥ 2 risk factors

1.00 (ref)

3.02 (2.55, 3.59)***

1.00 (ref)

2.73 (2.26, 3.31)***

1.00 (ref)

2.69 (1.89, 3.93)***

1.00 (ref)

2.74 (2.28, 3.32)***

  1. Adjustment comprises: age; smoking status categorised as non-smoker (never smoker and former smoker) or smoker (current smoker); drinking status categorised as (never drinker and former drinker) or drinker (current drinker); moderate to vigorous physical activity in leisure categorised as yes or no.
  2. BMI body mass index (kg/m2), WC waist circumference (cm), WHR waist-to-hip ratio, WHTR waist-to-height ratio.
  3. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001.
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