Table 6 Estimated daily intake by human beings and potential health risk of heavy metals due to rice consumption.

From: Health risk assessment of heavy metal pollution in a soil-rice system: a case study in the Jin-Qu Basin of China

 

RfDa

M-EDIb

E-RfDc

Dongyang

Jiangshan

Longyou

Mean

Dongyang

Jiangshan

Longyou

Mean

Cd

1

0.56

1.22

1.06

0.92

9.7%

45.0%

29.4%

25.6%

Pb

3.5

1.36

0.84

1.71

1.38

3.2%

0%

5.9%

3.5%

Ni

40

2.96

2.86

6.84

4.5

0%

0%

3.0%

1.2%

Cr

1,500

1.23

0.91

2.07

1.5

0%

0%

0%

0%

Zn

300

101.5

105.8

136

116.5

0%

0%

0%

0%

Cu

50

15.7

14.5

18.2

16.4

0%

0%

0%

0%

 

RfDa

THQd

HIe

Dongyang

Jiangshan

Longyou

Mean

Dongyang

Jiangshan

Longyou

Mean

Cd

1

0.563

1.218

1.064

0.918

1.680

2.172

2.543

2.141

Pb

3.5

0.390

0.240

0.488

0.394

    

Ni

40

0.074

0.072

0.171

0.112

    

Cr

1,500

0.001

0.001

0.001

0.001

    

Zn

300

0.338

0.353

0.455

0.388

    

Cu

50

0.313

0.290

0.363

0.328

    
  1. aReference oral dose (μg kg−1 day−1) according to EPA’s Integrated Risk Information System.
  2. bArithmetical mean estimated daily intake (μg kg−1 day−1).
  3. cThe percentage of heavy metals in rice grain samples which exceed the RfD.
  4. dRatio between EDI and the RfD.
  5. eSum of THQs.
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