Figure 1
From: The coffee agroecosystem: bio-economic analysis of coffee berry borer control (Hypothenemus hampei)
Coffee system with all the components included (modified from Rodriguez et al.24). The complete system is embedded in a climate envelope which drives all the development and interaction variables using a PBDM (see text). Diagram of the plant model (A) including the link to the CBB model (B) and harvest and cleanup as part of CBB cultural management control (C). Effect of baited traps on capturing migrant adult females (not included in this paper based on results in Rodríguez et al.23) (D). The third trophic level is represented by four CBB parasitoids; the adult eulophid parasitoid Phymastichus coffee (E) and three bethylid parasitoids and their interactions, Cephalonomia stephanoderis, Cephalonomia hyalinipennis (not included in this paper based on results in Rodríguez et al.24) and Prorops nasuta (F). Three active ingredients (a.i.) of insecticides are include in rotation, affecting the whole system (G), as well as the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema sp. and Heterorhabditis sp. (H) and the entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium anisopliae and Beauveria bassiana (I). The dashed line indicates information flow.
