Table 3 Serum concentrations of biochemical variables in monozygotic twin adults with and without cholecalciferol supplementation.

From: The impact of vitamin D supplementation on VDR gene expression and body composition in monozygotic twins: randomized controlled trial

 

CG (n = 45)

SG (n = 45)

CG (T60) × SG (T60)

T0

T60

Effect size

p value

T0

T60

Effect size

p value

Effect size

p value

*25 (OH) D, ng/mL

32.7 (27.3–43.9)

34.4 (26.9–39.3)

0.050

0.382

30.7 (26.3–33.6)

50.6 (40.3–56.1)

1.763

 < 0.001

1.422

 < 0.001

Total proteins, g/dL

7.4 (6.9–8.1)

7.3 (6.5–7.9)

0.469

0.189

7.3 (7.0–8.1)

7.3 (6.5–7.7)

0.409

0.138

–

0.729*

Glucose, mg/dL

86.0 (79.0–97.0)

84.0 (79.0–93.0)

0.048

0.397

87.0 (79.0–94.5)

87.5 (82.0–91.0)

0.166

0.069

0.090

0.735

Total cholesterol, mg/dL

164.0 (143.0–188.0)

165.0 (144.0–182.0)

0.281

0.022

165.0 (138.5–185.5)

155.0 (129.0–173.5)

0.431

0.003

0.237

0.236

HDL cholesterol, mg/dL

38.0 (30.0–51.0)

45.0 (33.0–57.0)

0.414

0.076

38.0 (31.5–51.0)

41.0 (34.5–52.3)

0.349

0.080

0.026

0.886

Triglycerides, mg/dL

80.0 (64.5–118.5)

74.0 (57.0–92.0)

0.199

0.018

83.0 (65.5–118.0)

90.0 (66.8–114.8)

0.157

0.300

0.127

0.224

ALT, U/L

19.0 (12.5–31.0)

17.0 (12.0–22.0)

0.246

0.058

17.0 (11.5–31.0)

14.5 (11.0–20.8)

0.391

0.017

0.137

0.099

AST, U/L

20.0 (17.0–24.0)

19.0 (14.0–23.0)

0.184

0.314

19.0 (16.0–28.0)

18.5 (15.8–25.3)

0.372

0.070

0.098

0.477

Uric acid, mg/dL

4.0 (3.0–5.2)

3.7 (2.9–4.2)

0.312

0.007

4.0 (3.1–5.1)

3.6 (3.0–4.9)

0.362

0.003

0.024

0.985

Creatinine, mg/dL

0.9 (0.8–1.0)

0.8 (0.7–1.1)

0.349

0.031

0.9 (0.8–1.1)

0.8 (0.7–1.1)

0.278

0.039

0.034

0.856

  1. Continuous variables are shown as median (percentile 25–percentile 75) and compared by Wilcoxon test (intra-group values) and Mann–Whitney test (inter-group values). CG, Control group; SG, Supplemented group; T0, first analysis; T60, analysis 60 days after the first; 25 (OH) D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, reference value: > 20 ng/mL; Total proteins, reference value: 6.0–8.0 g/dL; Glucose, reference value: 70–99 mg/dL; Total cholesterol, reference value: < 200 mg/dL; HDL, high-density lipoprotein, reference value: > 60 mg/dL; Triglycerides, reference value: < 150 mg/dL; ALT, alanine aminotransferase, reference value: men 11–45 U/L, woman 10–37 U/L; AST, aspartate aminotransferase, reference value: men 11–39 U/L, woman 10–37 U/L; Uric acid, reference value: 1.0–7.0 mg/dL; Creatinine, reference value: men 0.70–1.20 mg/dL, woman 0.53–1.00 mg/dL.
  2. *It was not possible to calculate the effect size (equals values).
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