Table 1 Experimental conditions and physiological observations for growth on αKG as sole-carbon source and co-mixture with glucose in batch and chemostat conditions. More details on the batch results can be found in Fig. 1 and Supplementary Figure S2.

From: Alpha-ketoglutarate utilization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae: transport, compartmentation and catabolism

Growth mode

C-Source

pH

Growth?

Observations

Batch

2 g/L αKG

2.5

Yes

Growth is observed using αKG between pH 2.5 to 5. Both H2αKG and HαKG must be transported to explain obtained growth results

3

Yes

4

Yes

5

Yes

6

No

2.5 g/L αKG

4

Yes

A growth rate of 0.087 ± 0.002 h−1. No decrease of growth rate for different concentrations of αKG

5 g/L αKG

Yes

10 g/L αKG

Yes

20 g/L Glucose

2.8 g/L αKG

4

Yes

Maximum growth rate using glucose and αKG is µ = 0.40 h−1. αKG is not consumed while the glucose concentration is high, nor does αKG inhibit growth

Chemostat

10 g/L αKG

3

Yes

Residual αKG concentrations range from 30.1 to 37.9 mmol/L. The αKG uptake rate and residual αKG concentration were similar for the three different pH conditions

4

Yes

5

Yes

6

No

20 g/L Glucose

2.8 g/L αKG

4

Yes

Both residual αKG (0.98 ± 0.28 mmol/L) and glucose (0.34 ± 0.01 mmol/L) are low, indicating that under continuous conditions co-consumption does also occur