Figure 12

Annual anomalies of (a) AO, (b) NAO and (c) PDO indices during 1960–2015. The smoother curve is the 9 year smoothing average. “⊕” and “⊖” denote the positive and negative phase, respectively.

Annual anomalies of (a) AO, (b) NAO and (c) PDO indices during 1960–2015. The smoother curve is the 9 year smoothing average. “⊕” and “⊖” denote the positive and negative phase, respectively.