Table 5 Gene expression in the rumen epithelium.

Gene	HS		PF		P-values
Gene	P1	P2	P1	P2	Trt	Per	Trt × Per
Acetoacetyl-CoA synthetase (AACS)	0.0002	0.0001	0.0004	0.0001	0.5053	0.0766	0.3310
3-Hydroxymethyl-3-methylglutaryl-CoA lyase (HMGCL)	1.14E−05	2.27E−05	4.86E−05	4.28E−05	0.2249	0.5127	0.3512
Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70)	0.0027^a	0.0102^b	0.0049^ab	0.0045^ab	0.7983	0.0521	0.0338
Serine-threonine protein kinase 1 (AKT1)	0.0016	0.0086	0.0014	0.0139	0.8205	0.0606	0.7324
3-Hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase, type 1 (BDH1)	0.1434	0.1723	0.1058	1.0485	0.1543	0.0496	0.0815
3-Hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-CoA synthase 2 (HMGCS2)	0.3562	0.6606	0.2919	3.0896	0.2936	0.1077	0.3112
Claudin 1 (CLDN1)	0.0383	0.0324	0.0242	0.0321	0.5281	0.8032	0.3491
Gap junction protein alpha 1 (GJA1)	0.0549	0.0436	0.0464	0.0502	0.9556	0.7936	0.5958
Monocarboxylic acid transporter 1 (MCT1)	0.0589	0.0275	0.0393	0.0522	0.6725	0.3728	0.0796
Monocarboxylic acid transporter 2 (MCT2)	1.90E−05	1.07E−05	8.85E−06	1.41E−05	0.5973	0.9020	0.2682
Monocarboxylic acid transporter 4 (MCT4)	8.32E−05	1.47E−04	3.54E−05	1.35E−04	0.0357	0.0036	0.1093
Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 1 (NHE1)	0.0009^a	0.0005^b	0.0004^b	0.0007^ab	0.6682	0.8368	0.0253
Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 2 (NHE2)	0.0305^a	0.0133^b	0.0127^b	0.0208^ab	0.3906	0.4734	0.0246
Sodium/hydrogen exchanger 3 (NHE3)	0.0044^a	0.0013^b	0.0011^b	0.0026^ab	0.5319	0.7016	0.0455

HS Heat Stress, PF Pair-fed, P1 period 1, P2 period 2, Per period, Trt treatment, Per × Trt period by treatment interaction.
^a,bSuperscripts represent statistical differences among treatment groups a, b and periods.

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