Figure 5

Toxicity of M-LNP. Viabilities (%) of (a) adult human dermal fibroblasts (HDFa) and (b) PC12 cells incubated with myricetin (M) and M-LNP were measured by the AlamarBlue cell viability assay. Fifty percent cytotoxic concentrations (CC₅₀) were determined using a sigmoid fitting model. All data are expressed as the mean ± s.d. (c) Determination of blood vessel area from hen’s egg chorioallantoic membrane images obtained before and 1 min-after the 2 mL-sample treatments, using image processing procedures in ImageJ. Samples: 5 vol% dimethyl sulfoxide in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), 1 M NaOH aqueous solution (NaOH), M solution (M: 0.1 mg mL⁻¹ in 5 vol% DMSO in PBS), and Blank-LNP (LNP) and M-LNP diluted tenfold with PBS (M: 0.1 mg mL⁻¹). (d) Blood vessel expansion ratios at 1 min after the sample treatments. Percentages of black pixel fraction (%Area) were determined from images of ‘Auto local threshold (MidGrey)’ at 0 and 1 min. Data are expressed as the mean ± s.d. (Student’s t-test; **p < 0.01).