Figure 4

Apoptotic and anti-apoptotic gene expression levels in DKPs treated and un-treated HT-29 cells for 24 h. DKP-1: cyclo (l-Pro-l-Leu) (A), DKP-2: cyclo (l-Pro-l-Val) (B), DKP-3: cyclo (l-Pro-l-Phe) (C), and DKP-4: cyclo (l-Pro-l-Tyr) (D). The sqRT-PCR analysis was performed in triplicates, and each bar represents the mean ± SD (n = 3). Data were analyzed by one-way ANOVA with student’s two-tailed t-test. The asterisks *p < 0.05, **p < 0.001, ***p < 0.0001, ****p < 0.0001, indicates a significant difference between the untreated cells in response to DKPs treated cells. The groupings were cropped from different gels subjected to identical conditions. Full gel images were shown in the Supplementary Information, Fig. S3A–D.