Figure 6 | Scientific Reports

Figure 6

From: A biphasic nanohydroxyapatite/calcium sulphate carrier containing Rifampicin and Isoniazid for local delivery gives sustained and effective antibiotic release and prevents biofilm formation

Figure 6

Antibiofilm assay. Mycobacterium smegmatis was allowed to grow undisturbed on calcium sulphate hemihydrate (CSH)/nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) based nanocement (NC) and drug loaded NC (drug@NC) to induce biofilm formation. (a) Digital picture of a plate wherein NC and drug@NC show biofilm formation and inhibition, respectively. (b) Digital picture of a plate for crystal violet in which the antibiofilm assay was carried out. (c) Quantification of crystal violet assay. (d) Scanning electron micrograph (SEM) images of M. smegmatis biofilm formation on the surface of NC and drug@NC. (e) Confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis of biofilm inhibition by drug loaded calcium sulphate hemihydrate (CSH)/nanohydroxyapatite (nHAP) nanocement (drug@NC). Both 2D and 3D images show proper biofilm formation on the surface of NC and not on the surface of NC + INH, NC + RFP and NC + RFP + INH as observed by GFP expression. drug@NC = NC + INH, NC + RFP and NC + RFP + INH. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.

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