Table 2 XRD analysis of NC of G. xylinus (a), B. velezensis SMR (b), and rice husk (c).

Characteristic peaks at Bragg’s angle 2θ

14.016°, 20.025°, 28.014°, 32.508°

12.006°, 15.036°, 30.003°, 32.578°³⁵

16.006°, 21.994°, 34.406°

Crystallite sizes (CS)

42, 42, 85, and 43 nm, respectively

42, 42, 17, and 43 nm, respectively

21, 28, and 22 nm, respectively³⁰

Crystallinity Index (CI %)

80%

85%

67.44%