Figure 4

Effect of aerobic exercise training type on hindlimb muscle expression of genes associated with glucose metabolism in ApoE^−/− mice with LEAD. (A) mRNA expression of genes involved in glucose transport (GLUT-1 and GLUT-4) and glycolysis (HK2, PFK, and PDK4) in non-ischemic and ischemic gastrocnemius muscle at the study endpoint, as measured by quantitative real-time PCR. Results in the exercised groups are expressed as an x-fold change relative to SED hindlimb muscle, set at 1 (n = 6 mice per group). (B) Representative blots and quantitative analysis of GLUT-1, GLUT-4, and PFK protein expression levels in non-ischemic and ischemic gastrocnemius muscle at the study endpoint, as determined by Western blotting. Note that only the bands at the adequate molecular weights were shown here: tubulin (55 kDa), GLUT-1 (54 kDA), GLUT-4 (54 kDa) and PFK (85 kDa). Results in the exercised groups are expressed as percentage of SED, set at 100% (n = 4 mice per group). Data were analyzed using 1-way ANOVA with Dunnett’s post-hoc test (quantitative real-time PCR data) or Kruskal–Wallis with Dunn’s post-hoc test (Western blot data): ^#P < 0.05, ^##P < 0.01, ^###P < 0.001 vs. SED.