Table 1 Raw data showing the sample size (n), mean, and variation (SE) for monarch responses at mean (A) and maximum (B) pesticide concentrations tested.
From: Larval pesticide exposure impacts monarch butterfly performance
Treatments | n | Herbivory (cm2) | Pesticide consumed (ng) | n | Immature developm. (# days) | n | Pupal weight (g) | n | Adult longevity (# days) | Adult wing size (cm) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Mean + SE | Mean + SE | Mean + SE | Mean + SE | Mean + SE | Mean + SE | |||||
(A) Mean concentrations | ||||||||||
Control | 10 | 210 + 15.2 | 0 + 0 | 9 | 21.9 + 1.47 | 9 | 1.41 + 0.14 | 8 | 10.1 + 1.26 | 4.65 + 0.08 |
Acetone | 9 | 247 + 26.8 | 0 + 0 | 9 | 23.8 + 1.89 | 9 | 1.18 + 0.14 | 9 | 10.6 + 1.76 | 4.27 + 0.17 |
Clothianidin | 9 | 221 + 18.5 | 66.4 + 5.5 | 8 | 23.6 + 1.76 | 8 | 1.14 + 0.10 | 8 | 10.5 + 1.76 | 4.59 + 0.12 |
Atrazine | 8 | 224 + 24 | 45.5 + 4.9 | 8 | 22.2 + 1.56 | 8 | 1.45 + 0.15 | 8 | 17.1 + 4.13 | 4.44 + 0.10 |
S-Metolachlor | 10 | 248 + 24.6 | 7.05 + 0.7 | 10 | 22.8 + 1.47 | 10 | 1.2 + 0.12 | 10 | 12.5 + 1.86 | 4.44 + 0.13 |
Azoxystrobin | 8 | 227 + 24.2 | 2.28 + 0.2 | 7 | 23.6 + 1.99 | 7 | 1.08 + 0.13 | 6 | 15.0 + 2.71 | 4.07 + 0.07 |
Pyraclostrobin | 8 | 234 + 26.2 | 57.4 + 6.4 | 8 | 22.6 + 1.66 | 8 | 1.08 + 0.13 | 7 | 16.4 + 1.76 | 4.26 + 0.07 |
Trifloxystrobin | 7 | 207 + 27.9 | 26.8 + 3.6 | 6 | 19.7 + 1.67 | 6 | 1.55 + 0.19 | 5 | 21.6 + 4.98 | 4.08 + 0.12 |
Mix | 7 | 243 + 25.6 | 156 + 16.4 | 7 | 24.7 + 1.51 | 7 | 1.08 + 0.18 | 5 | 13.4 + 2.73 | 4.44 + 0.16 |
(B) Max. concentrations | ||||||||||
Control | 10 | 251 + 23 | 0 + 0 | 10 | 22.8 + 1.49 | 10 | 1.41 + 0.13 | 10 | 14.6 + 4.20 | 4.64 + 0.05 |
Acetone | 7 | 206 + 20.3 | 0 + 0 | 6 | 22 + 1.81 | 6 | 1.55 + 0.17 | 5 | 16.2 + 4.47 | 4.34 + 0.30 |
Clothianidin | 7 | 283 + 28.3 | 322 + 32.3 | 7 | 24.7 + 1.76 | 7 | 1.2 + 0.17 | 7 | 10.2 + 1.96 | 4.29 + 0.11 |
Atrazine | 8 | 217 + 23.8 | 1,495 + 164 | 7 | 22.4 + 1.99 | 7 | 1.32 + 0.16 | 6 | 15.0 + 3.29 | 4.1 + 0.24 |
S-Metolachlor | 9 | 230 + 21.1 | 75.1 + 6.88 | 9 | 22.6 + 1.67 | 9 | 1.45 + 0.18 | 9 | 14.6 + 2.27 | 4.44 + 0.10 |
Azoxystrobin | 5 | 209 + 32.1 | 101 + 15.6 | 5 | 20 + 1.52 | 5 | 1.44 + 0.21 | 5 | 14.9 + 3.11 | 4.46 + 0.10 |
Pyraclostrobin | 10 | 247 + 25.2 | 1,225 + 125 | 8 | 22 + 1.7 | 8 | 1.5 + 0.163 | 8 | 15.0 + 1.56 | 4.4 + 0.10 |
Trifloxystrobin | 6 | 250 + 28.4 | 827 + 93.7 | 6 | 23.3 + 1.96 | 6 | 1.29 + 0.18 | 6 | 13.3 + 2.43 | 4.52 + 0.13 |
Mix | 9 | 217 + 20.7 | 3,450 + 329 | 9 | 22.2 + 1.67 | 9 | 1.42 + 0.17 | 9 | 11.5 + 0.89 | 4.36 + 0.08 |
