Table 1 Cohort characteristics and body shape indices by sex and BMI categories.

From: A Body Shape Index (ABSI) achieves better mortality risk stratification than alternative indices of abdominal obesity: results from a large European cohort

Men

Cohort

Total

BMI < 18.5

18.5 to < 25

25 to < 30

30 to < 35

BMI ≥ 35

SD per 5 kg/m2

Cohort

120,915

451 (0.4)

41,094 (34.0)

59,931 (49.6)

16,744 (13.8)

2,695 (2.2)

–

Deaths

18,636 (15.4)

144 (31.9)

5,979 (14.5)

8,823 (14.7)

2,993 (17.9)

697 (25.9)

–

Follow-up

15.6 (4.1)

14.4 (5.3)

15.8 (4.0)

15.7 (4.1)

15.3 (4.4)

14.5 (4.7)

− 0.08 (0.004)

Age

52.8 (9.6)

50.8 (15.1)

51.4 (10.7)

53.4 (9.0)

53.8 (8.6)

53.8 (8.5)

0.14 (0.004)

BMI

26.6 (3.6)

17.6 (0.8)

23.0 (1.5)

27.2 (1.4)

31.8 (1.3)

37.6 (2.9)

–

Waist indices

ABSI

80.6 (4.2)

82.5 (6.2)

80.1 (4.5)

80.7 (4.1)

81.4 (4.0)

81.7 (4.3)

0.14 (0.004)

AVI

18.2 (3.9)

11.2 (1.7)

14.9 (2.1)

18.6 (2.4)

23.1 (2.8)

29.1 (4.2)

1.18 (0.002)

BRI

4.3 (1.3)

2.0 (0.5)

3.2 (0.7)

4.4 (0.8)

6.0 (0.9)

7.9 (1.3)

1.19 (0.002)

ConI

1.28 (0.08)

1.22 (0.09)

1.24 (0.07)

1.28 (0.07)

1.33 (0.07)

1.37 (0.07)

0.64 (0.003)

eTBF

22.9 (6.3)

10.4 (7.5)

18.4 (5.6)

24.1 (4.9)

28.6 (4.5)

31.7 (4.5)

0.89 (0.003)

RFM

26.7 (4.3)

16.3 (3.6)

22.9 (3.2)

27.7 (2.5)

31.7 (2.0)

35.2 (2.0)

1.16 (0.002)

WC

94.7 (10.2)

74.1 (5.8)

86.0 (6.1)

96.2 (6.2)

107.2 (6.4)

120.2 (8.5)

1.18 (0.002)

WCadjBMI

0 (0.051)

0.01 (0.058)

− 0.0015 (0.049)

0.0010 (0.050)

0.0013 (0.055)

− 0.0074 (0.077)

0 (0.004)

WHR

0.94 (0.06)

0.84 (0.06)

0.90 (0.06)

0.95 (0.05)

0.99 (0.05)

1.02 (0.06)

0.78 (0.003)

WHRadjBMI

0 (0.051)

− 0.003 (0.054)

− 0.0036 (0.05)

0.0034 (0.051)

0.0009 (0.053)

− 0.025 (0.066)

0 (0.004)

WHtR

0.54 (0.06)

0.42 (0.03)

0.49 (0.04)

0.55 (0.04)

0.62 (0.04)

0.70 (0.05)

1.19 (0.002)

WWI

10.54 (0.69)

10.04 (0.78)

10.19 (0.63)

10.61 (0.61)

11.04 (0.61)

11.40 (0.65)

0.66 (0.003)

Hip indices

HC

100.9 (6.9)

88.0 (4.6)

95.7 (4.6)

101.6 (4.7)

108.4 (5.2)

117.8 (8.1)

1.06 (0.003)

HI

0.145 (0.006)

0.153 (0.008)

0.146 (0.006)

0.144 (0.005)

0.143 (0.006)

0.144 (0.008)

− 0.26 (0.004)

Women

Cohort

Total

BMI < 18.5

18.5 to < 25

25 to < 30

30 to < 35

BMI ≥ 35

SD per 5 kg/m2

Cohort

232,070

3,967 (1.7)

119,270 (51.4)

73,515 (31.7)

26,181 (11.3)

9,137 (3.9)

–

Deaths

19,542 (8.4)

396 (10.0)

8,530 (7.2)

6,733 (9.2)

2,720 (10.4)

1,163 (12.7)

–

Follow-up

16.4 (3.5)

16.8 (3.6)

16.6 (3.3)

16.2 (3.5)

15.8 (3.8)

15.4 (4.0)

− 0.11 (0.002)

Age

51.2 (10.5)

46.0 (12.9)

49.3 (10.8)

53.2 (9.6)

54.2 (9.2)

53.8 (9.1)

0.23 (0.002)

BMI

25.5 (4.6)

17.7 (0.7)

22.3 (1.6)

27.1 (1.4)

32.0 (1.4)

38.4 (3.4)

–

Waist indices

ABSI

73.1 (5.2)

74.3 (5.0)

72.3 (4.9)

73.5 (5.4)

74.5 (5.6)

74.4 (5.8)

0.14 (0.002)

AVI

13.5 (3.8)

8.7 (1.1)

11.2 (1.8)

14.5 (2.3)

18.3 (2.8)

23.0 (4.1)

0.94 (0.001)

BRI

3.4 (1.5)

1.6 (0.4)

2.5 (0.7)

3.9 (0.9)

5.4 (1.2)

7.3 (1.6)

0.94 (0.001)

ConI

1.15 (0.09)

1.10 (0.07)

1.11 (0.08)

1.17 (0.09)

1.22 (0.09)

1.25 (0.10)

0.51 (0.002)

eTBF

28.2 (8.3)

19.2 (6.7)

24.4 (6.7)

31.1 (7.0)

35.6 (7.1)

37.7 (6.9)

0.63 (0.002)

RFM

34.9 (5.9)

25.0 (3.4)

31.1 (3.9)

37.5 (3.4)

42.2 (3.0)

46.0 (3.0)

0.92 (0.001)

WC

80.2 (11.4)

64.5 (4.4)

73.1 (6.2)

84.1 (7.0)

94.6 (7.7)

106.2 (9.8)

0.93 (0.001)

WCadjBMI

0 (0.057)

0.011 (0.045)

− 0.0026 (0.049)

0.0029 (0.059)

0.0058 (0.068)

− 0.011 (0.086)

0 (0.002)

WHR

0.79 (0.07)

0.74 (0.05)

0.77 (0.06)

0.81 (0.07)

0.84 (0.07)

0.86 (0.07)

0.50 (0.002)

WHRadjBMI

0 (0.06)

0.0061 (0.054)

− 0.0034 (0.056)

0.0056 (0.063)

0.0064 (0.066)

− 0.022 (0.07)

0 (0.002)

WHtR

0.50 (0.08)

0.39 (0.03)

0.45 (0.04)

0.52 (0.05)

0.60 (0.05)

0.67 (0.06)

0.94 (0.001)

WWI

9.85 (0.86)

9.37 (0.66)

9.51 (0.70)

10.06 (0.80)

10.54 (0.85)

10.87 (0.90)

0.54 (0.002)

Hip indices

HC

101.1 (9.3)

87.2 (4.4)

95.6 (5.2)

103.9 (5.3)

112.2 (5.8)

124.0 (8.8)

0.94 (0.001)

HI

0.156 (0.007)

0.158 (0.007)

0.156 (0.006)

0.155 (0.006)

0.156 (0.007)

0.159 (0.008)

0.05 (0.002)

  1. ABSI—A Body Shape Index; AVI—Abdominal Volume Index; BMI—Body Mass Index; ConI—Conicity Index; eTBF—estimated Total Body Fat; HC—Hip Circumference; HI—Hip Index; RFM—Relative Fat Mass; SD—standard deviation; WC—Waist Circumference; WCadjBMI—WC adjusted for BMI; WHR—Waist-to-Hip Ratio; WHRadjBMI—WHR adjusted for BMI; WHtR—Waist-to-Height Ratio; WWI—Weight-adjusted Waist Index; Cohort—number of individuals (% percentage from the total); Deaths—number of deaths (% percentage from the total number of individuals per column); Total/BMI columns—continuous variables are summarised with mean (SD); SD per 5 kg/m2—mean body shape index increment on the SD scale (standard error), derived from linear models regressing the sex-specific z-scores of the corresponding body shape index on BMI (per 5 kg/m2 increment), with adjustment for age at recruitment and study centre (all p values from the corresponding Wald tests were < 0.0001, except for WCadjBMI and WHRadjBMI); Covariates are summarised by sex and BMI category in Supplementary Table S2 online.
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