Table 2 Association between frailty status and individual phenotypes, and PM2.5 in logistic regression analyses.

From: PM2.5 air pollution contributes to the burden of frailty

 

High PM2.5

High PM2.5

Log PM2.5

number/total

Odds ratio (95% CI)a

p value

Odds ratio (95% CI)a

p value

Frailty status

     

Robust

7,290/10,384

1 (reference)

 

1 (reference)

 

Prefrail

5,950/9,142

1.4 (1.3–1.5)

 < 0.001

1.7 (1.2–2.6)

 < 0.001

Frail

605/1,080

1.5 (1.2–1.9)

 < 0.001

1.1 (0.5–2.4)

0.738

Frailty phenotype

Weakness

3,362/5,220

1.4 (1.3–1.6)

 < 0.001

1.7 (1.1–2.9)

0.003

Slowness

1637/3,091

1.0 (0.8–1.1)

0.507

1.2 (0.7–1.9)

0.462

Weight loss

219/349

0.8 (0.6–1.2)

0.261

1.5 (0.4–5.8)

0.599

Exhaustion

608/970

0.9 (0.7–1.2)

0.466

0.3 (0.1–0.7)

0.005

Low activity

3,668/5,586

1.6 (1.4–1.7)

 < 0.001

1.3 (0.8–2.1)

0.266

  1. CI confidence interval.
  2. aMultinomial logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, smoking, Charlson Comorbidity Index, and urbanization.
  3. Bold type denotes statistical significance.
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