Table 4 Unadjusted (uHR) and adjusted (aHR) Cox proportional hazard ratios and 95% confident intervals (CI) for pulmonary TB disease comparing 37 HIV-positive TB cases and 301 HIV-positive presumptive TB participants without a documented TB diagnosis after 2 years of follow-up.

From: Mortality and risk of tuberculosis among people living with HIV in whom TB was initially ruled out

Type of variable

Variable

37 HIV infected TB cases

301 HIV infected presumptive TB participants

uHR*

aHRa

nb

(%)c

nb

(%)c

(95% CI)

p value

(95% CI)

p value

Socio-demographic

Age

36

(%)

281

(%)

    

< 15

 

2.78

 

12.46

Ref

 

Ref

 

15–24

 

5.56

 

14.95

1.60 (0.14–18.06)

0.701

1.41 (0.12–15.80)

0.782

25–34

 

36.11

 

28.47

5.26 (0.67–41.32)

0.114

4.63 (0.60–35.71)

0.142

35–44

 

27.78

 

19.93

5.59 (0.70–44.66)

0.105

5.10 (0.65–39.96)

0.121

45–54

 

11.11

 

9.96

4.49 (0.49–40.89)

0.182

3.89 (0.43–34.96)

0.225

> 55

 

16.67

 

14.23

4.81 (0.56–40.96)

0.15

5.04 (0.60–42.14)

0.136

Sex

37

 

301

     

Female

 

59.46

 

58.8

Ref

 

Ref

 

Male

 

40.54

 

41.2

0.99 (0.51–1.91)

0.983

0.78 (0.36–1.70)

0.54

Occupation

34

 

269

     

Agriculture

 

32.35

 

44.24

Ref

 

Ref

 

Services

 

20.59

 

21.19

1.32 (0.51–3.41)

0.561

1.62 (0.55–4.69)

0.377

Student

 

8.82

 

2.97

3.68 (1.00–13.62)

0.051

7.03 (1.89–26.24)

0.004

No occupation

 

38.24

 

31.60

1.62 (0.73–3.61)

0.236

1.90 (0.83–4.34)

0.127

Marital status

35

 

314

     

Married

 

11.43

 

17.88

Ref

 

Ref

 

Union

 

37.14

 

29.93

1.92 (0.63–5.87)

0.25

2.15 (0.65–7.08)

0.209

Widower

 

11.43

 

8.03

2.08 (0.53–8.12)

0.291

1.53 (0.33–7.13)

0.585

Single

 

40.00

 

44.16

1.44 (0.48–4.37)

0.511

1.85 (0.58–5.96)

0.3

Health care access

Distance in km from household to HDM

35

 

307

     

> 15

 

14.29

 

29.89

Ref

 

Ref

 

From 7.5 to 15

 

22.86

 

16.97

237 (0.90–6.22)

0.08

3.46 (1.06–11.31)

0.04

From 0 to < 7.5

 

62.86

 

53.14

2.61 (0.86–7.89)

0.089

2.53 (0.94–6.78)

0.065

Distance in km from household to closest HCU

37

 

308

     

From 0 to < 5

 

83.78

 

90.07

Ref

 

Ref

 

From 5 to 10

 

16.22

 

8.82

1.83 (0.78–4.29)

0.166

1.91 (0.82–4.45)

0.133

> 10

 

0

 

1.1

NA

NA

NA

NA

TB transmission and care knowledge

TB transmission knowledge

(%)

35

 

321

     

Cough

 

71.43

 

75.36

Ref

 

Ref

 

At leat 1 missconception

 

5.71

 

3.21

1.86 (0.44–7.78)

0.394

1.67 (0.42–6.63)

0.464

Cough plus another TB symptom

 

22.86

 

21.43

1.10 (0.50–2.43)

0.81

0.83 (0.35–2.00)

0.686

TB treatment by traditional medicine

(%)

32

 

297

     

No

 

81.25

 

86.82

Ref

 

Ref

 

Yes

 

3.13

 

3.49

1.00 (0.14–6.94)

1

0.44 (0.03–5.27)

0.514

Do not know

 

15.63

 

9.69

1.70 (0.66–4.38)

0.274

1.72 (0.71–4.21)

0.232

  1. NA: Missing values for variables "Occupation", "TB transmission knowledge" and "TB treatment by traditional medicine" in the multivariable analysis.
  2. MDH Manhiça Dsitrict Hospital, HCU Health care unit.
  3. aIn the Cox hazard regression analysis, adjustement was performed for the following variables: age, sex, previous episode of TB, having a family member with a previous episode of TB, and BCG vaccination.
  4. bn is sample size of variable specified.
  5. cResults are displayed in % if no other specification is provided.
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