Table 4 Univariate regression analysis of the factors associated with AKI in patients administered L-AMB.

From: Factor analysis of acute kidney injury in patients administered liposomal amphotericin B in a real-world clinical setting in Japan

Variables

Odds ratio (95% CI)

P-value

Sex/age

Female

0.982 (0.655–1.472)

0.929

Age ≥ 65

0.764 (0.515–1.135)

0.182

Disease history

Diabetes

1.266 (0.849–1.886)

0.247

Diabetes treated with insulin

1.295 (0.817–2.052)

0.271

Hypertension

1.385 (0.933–2.056)

0.106

Chronic kidney disease

1.859 (0.703–4.914)

0.211

Hepatic dysfunctiona

1.069 (0.594–1.922)

0.825

Heart failure

1.525 (0.948–2.453)

0.082

Patient condition prior to L-AMB treatment

Catecholamine treatmentb

1.667 (0.774–3.589)

0.192

Albumin ≤ 3 g/dL

1.150 (0.720–1.836)

0.558

eGFR < 60 mL/min

0.664 (0.382–1.154)

0.146

Potassium < 3.5 mEq/L

1.446 (0.941–2.222)

0.093

Potassium > 5.0 mEq/L

0.801 (0.238–2.702)

0.721

Patient condition after the initiation of L-AMB treatment

Catecholamine treatmentb

3.109 (1.651–5.855)

< 0.001

Potassium < 3.5 mEq/L

1.329 (0.899–1.966)

0.154

Therapy before L-AMB treatment

NSAIDs

1.079 (0.722–1.613)

0.711

Immunosuppressants

1.703 (1.077–2.694)

0.023

Steroids

1.454 (0.956–2.212)

0.080

Contrast agents (iodine)

1.287 (0.863–1.919)

0.216

ACE inhibitors/ARBs

2.049 (1.155–3.635)

0.014

Diuretics

1.341 (0.912–1.972)

0.135

Aminoglycosides

0.961 (0.571–1.618)

0.881

Fourth generation cephem

1.611 (1.095–2.371)

0.016

Other cephem (except for fourth generation)

1.127 (0.757–1.680)

0.556

Trimethoprims

1.514 (1.029–2.227)

0.035

Injected fluoroquinolones

1.169 (0.764–1.789)

0.472

Oral fluoroquinolones

0.909 (0.557–1.483)

0.701

Sulbactam

1.108 (0.693–1.771)

0.669

Tazobactam

0.986 (0.650–1.497)

0.948

Carbapenem

2.435 (1.608–3.689)

< 0.001

Teicoplanin

1.687 (0.987–2.883)

0.056

Vancomycin

1.759 (1.176–2.631)

0.006

Polymyxin B sulfate

1.637 (0.967–2.770)

0.066

Other antimicrobials

1.093 (0.710–1.682)

0.688

Cytotoxic chemotherapy

1.390 (0.947–2.042)

0.093

Non-cytotoxic chemotherapy

1.143 (0.646–2.022)

0.647

Fluid replacement (≥ 1,000 mL/day)

1.265 (0.862–1.855)

0.230

Concomitant treatment with L-AMB therapy

NSAIDs

1.169 (0.755–1.810)

0.484

Immunosuppressants

3.053 (1.532–6.084)

0.002

Steroids

1.619 (1.058–2.477)

0.026

Contrast agents (iodine)

1.021 (0.588–1.771)

0.941

ACE inhibitors/ARBs

1.698 (0.897–3.213)

0.104

Diuretics

1.573 (1.070–2.312)

0.021

Aminoglycosides

1.059 (0.630–1.781)

0.828

Fourth generation cephem

0.915 (0.527–1.591)

0.754

Other cephem (except for fourth generation)

0.853 (0.521–1.397)

0.528

Trimethoprims

1.170 (0.790–1.732)

0.432

Injected fluoroquinolones

1.238 (0.807–1.899)

0.328

Oral fluoroquinolones

1.255 (0.538–2.929)

0.600

Sulbactam

1.292 (0.675–2.473)

0.439

Tazobactam

1.034 (0.663–1.614)

0.883

Carbapenem

1.063 (0.723–1.562)

0.757

Teicoplanin

2.196 (1.277–3.778)

0.004

Vancomycin

1.662 (1.103–2.505)

0.015

Polymyxin B sulfate

1.538 (0.705–3.356)

0.280

Other antimicrobials

1.219 (0.781–1.904)

0.383

Cytotoxic chemotherapy

0.991 (0.572–1.715)

0.973

Non-cytotoxic chemotherapy

0.742 (0.296–1.858)

0.523

Fluid replacement (≥ 1,000 mL/day)

1.662 (1.107–2.497)

0.014

L-AMB administration

Mean daily dose

1.340 (1.057–1.697)

0.016

Treatment duration

1.006 (0.993–1.019)

0.363

Cumulative dose

1.002 (0.998–1.007)

0.306

  1. Bold font indicates p < 0.2 variables. N = 442 for hepatic dysfunction, N = 371 for albumin ≤ 3 g/dL prior to L-AMB treatment, N = 444 for other variables.
  2. ACE angiotensin-converting enzyme, ARBs angiotensin-receptor blockers, CI confidence interval, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, L-AMB liposomal amphotericin B, NSAIDs nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
  3. a≥ 120 IU/L of aspartate transaminase (AST) or alanine transaminase (ALT).
  4. bCatecholamine treatment was defined as the state of shock.
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