Table 6 Setup errors in various prone and supine positioning setups.

From: Crawl positioning improves set-up precision and patient comfort in prone whole breast irradiation

Position

Author

Year

WBI/PBI

Pts

Method

Systematic error M (mm)

St. Dev systematic error ∑ (mm)

Random error σ (mm)

Margin (mm)

VE

LA

LO

VE

LA

LO

VE

LA

LO

VE

LA

LO

Supine

Ahunbay*29

2012

PBI

3

CT

–

–

–

13.9

Cai32

2010

PBI

10

CBCT

–

2.3

2.1

3.1

2.0

1.8

2.3

7.2

6.5

9.4

Donovan33

2012

WBI

38

CBCT

–

1.2

1.5

1.2

2.9

3.0

3.2

5.0

5.9

5.2

Hasan**34

2011

PBI

16

CBCT

9.25

–

–

10

10

10

Kirby***14

2011

WBI

25

CBCT

3.4

1.6

0.1

1.8

1.8

1.9

4.2

2.7

3.1

9.6

9.7

10.2

Without respiratory movement this yields other result:

7.4

6.4

6.9

Penninkhof §35

2012

WBI

80

EPID

–

2.8

2.3

2.4

2.3

2.1

2.0

8.6

7.2

7.4

Shah §§36

2013

WBI

50

AlignRT

0.1

− 0.2

− 0.6

2.6

1.2

1.4

3.2

2.2

2.2

8.6

4.5

5.0

Topolnjak §§§37

2011

WBI

21

CBCT

− 0.1

0.5

− 0.4

0.7

1.2

1.3

0.9

1.0

1.2

2.4

3.7

4.1

van Mourik38

2011

WBI

19

CBCT

− 1.4

0.3

− 0.2

1.5

1.3

1.4

3.8

3

2.9

6.4

5.4

5.5

Varga26

2009

WBI

61

EPID

–

0.8

3.0

4.1

White39

2007

PBI

20

CBCT

–

1.7

2.7

2.4

2.2

2.4

2.9

5.8

8.4

8.0

Veldeman ‡15

2012

WBI

10

CBCT

2.8

− 1.5

1.4

5.1

4.5

2.4

3.2

7.3

2.3

15.1

16.4

7.5

Mulliez18

2016

WBI

103

CBCT

–

3.1

2.7

2.8

3.8

3.6

3.4

10.4

9.4

9.4

Cravo Sa40

2018

WBI

10

AlignRT

–

2.9

2.9

3.3

2.9

2.4

3.1

9.3

8.9

10.4

Prone

Ahunbay*29

2012

PBI

10

CT

–

–

–

13.9

Jozsef28

2011

PBI

70

CBCT

− 1.9

− 0.2

− 0.2

3.8

2.8

2.1

4.3

3.7

2.9

12.6

9.6

7.3

Kirby***14

2011

WBI

25

CBCT

2.8

0.4

3.6

3.4

3.1

4.3

4.2

3.8

5.4

12.5

11.5

15.6

Without respiratory movement this yields other result:

11.4

10.4

14.5

Mitchell27

2010

PBI

10

EPID-surface

− 0.1

–

–

4.7

–

–

13.2

–

–

21.0

–

–

EPID-fiducial

0.8

–

− 0.4

2.7

–

1.7

9.0

–

3.8

13.1

–

6.9

Resp. motion

–

–

–

14.0

14.0

6.8

Morrow13

2007

PBI

15

EPID

–

–

–

16

–

20

Varga26

2009

WBI

61

EPID

–

0.9

3.9

4.9

Veldeman22

2010

WBI

10

CBCT

− 5.0

0.8

− 1.3

4.8

3.6

5.6

3.2

4.2

2.6

14.2

11.9

15.8

Veldeman15

2012

WBI

10

CBCT

7.2

0.6

− 0.8

3.7

5.7

2.4

4.3

6.9

3.8

11.4

19.1

8.6

Mulliez18

2016

WBI

139

CBCT

–

3.3

6.4

4.3

3.4

9.2

4.3

10.5

22.4

13.7

Lakosi30

2016

WBI

36

CBCT

–

3.3

4.5

3.9

2.8

5.4

3.8

10.3

15.0

12.3

Deseyne

Current

WBI

10

CBCT

− 0.8

0.2

− 0.6

2.8

11.7

4.4

3.1

7.8

3.4

9.2

34.7

13.4

Prone crawl

Deseyne

Current

WBI

50

CBCT

1.4

− 0.5

− 0.5

3.1

3.4

3.9

3.4

4.2

3.4

10.1

11.4

12.1

  1. *Authors used other formula: \(0.7\sum + 2 \sigma \). No direction of margins is specified.
  2. **Systematic error calculated from magnitude of mean set-up error per patient. No directions are specified, it is unclear how the published margins were calculated.
  3. ***Reported margins include respiratory movement. Van Herk formula \(2.5\sum + 0.7\sigma \) yields different results.
  4. §Reported data from boost area using eNAL protocol.
  5. §§Authors used other formula: \(2\sum + 0.7\sigma \).
  6. §§§Authors used other formula: \(2\sum + 0.3\sigma \).
  7. ‡M is reported instead of ∑, but ∑ can be extracted from standard deviation of M, because individual mean shifts are provided.
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