Figure 1

Impact of HS on bovine granulosa cells. The ROS level of bovine granulosa cells exposed to HS was analyzed using the ROS staining technique. Representative pictures are shown on the upper panels and shows a strong green fluorescence signal in granulose cells subjected to HS. The summary histogram showed significant accumulation of ROS in the HS group (A). The viability of granulosa cells subjected to HS was significantly reduced (B). Annexin V/PI staining showed a significant reduction in the proportion of live cells and the significant increment in the proportion of early apoptotic cells in the HS group. The upper panels show the distribution of cells stained for both Annexin V and PI across the different quadrants (C). Data are presented as mean ± SEM and the mean differences were analyzed using the Two-tail student’s t test. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; ***p < 0.001 and ns not significant.